ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology1997
Bacteria, molds, and toxins in water-damaged building materials.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed.
- Draft genome sequence ofMicrobiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- Atranone-an underestimated secondary metabolite?Mycotoxin research · 2025Review
- Microbes as Teachers: Rethinking Knowledge in the Anthropocene.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Review
- Toxicity Screening of Fungal Extracts and Metabolites, Xenobiotic Chemicals, and Indoor Dusts with In Vitro and Ex Vivo Bioassay Methods.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Damp Buildings: Associated Fungi and How to Find Them.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Mind the gap between non-activated (non-aggressive) and activated (aggressive) indoor fungal testing: impact of pre-sampling environmental settings on indoor air readings.UCL open. Environment · 2023Article
- Mycobiota and mycotoxin-producing fungi in southern California: their colonisation andMycology · 2022Article
- The Toxicity of Wiped Dust and Airborne Microbes in Individual Classrooms Increase the Risk of Teachers' Work-Related Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Rapid and selective detection of macrocyclic trichothecene producing Stachybotrys chartarum strains by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2021Article
- Melinacidin-ProducingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Presence and variability of culturable bioaerosols in three multi-family apartment buildings with different ventilation systems in the Northeastern US.Indoor air · 2021Article
- Testing and Assessing Method for the Resistance of Wood-Plastic Composites to the Action of Destroying Fungi.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Understanding building-occupant-microbiome interactions toward healthy built environments: A review.Frontiers of environmental science & engineering · 2021Review
- Bioreactivity, Guttation and Agents Influencing Surface Tension of Water Emitted by Actively Growing Indoor Mould Isolates.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Detection ofToxins · 2020Article
- Inhalation ofAmerican journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2020Article
- Characterization of the microbiome associated with in situ earthen materials.Environmental microbiome · 2020Article
- Asthma Case Cluster during Renovation of a Water-Damaged and Toxic Building.Microorganisms · 2019Article
- Fusaricidin-Type Compounds Create Pores in Mitochondrial and Plasma Membranes of Mammalian Cells.Biomolecules · 2019Article
- Mast Cells, Stress, Fear and Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microbial toxins and eukaryotic cell toxicity from indoor building materials heavily colonized by fungi and bacteria were analyzed. The dominant colonizers at water-damaged sites of the building were Stachybotrys chartarum (10(3) to 10(5) visible conidia cm-2), Penicillium and Aspergillus species (10(4) CFU mg-1), gram-negative bacteria (10(4) CFU mg-1), and mycobacteria (10(3) CFU mg-1). The mycobacterial isolates were most similar to M. komossense, with 98% similarity of the complete 16S rDNA sequence. Limulus assay of water extracts prepared from a water-damaged gypsum liner revealed high contents of gram-negative endotoxin (17 ng mg-1 of E. coli lipopolysaccharide equivalents) and beta-D-glucan (210 ng mg-1 of curdlan equivalents). High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the methanol extracts showed that the water-damaged gypsum liner also contained satratoxin (17 ng mg-1). This methanol-extracted substance was 200 times more toxic to rabbit skin and fetus feline lung cells than extract of gypsum liner sampled from a non-water-damaged site. The same extract contained toxin(s) that paralyzed the motility of boar spermatozoa at extremely low concentrations; the 50% effective concentration was 0.3 microgram of dry solids per ml. This toxicity was not explainable by the amount of bacterial endotoxin, beta-D-glucan, or satratoxin present in the same extract. The novel in vitro toxicity test that utilized boar spermatozoa as described in this article is convenient to perform and reproducible and was a useful tool for detecting toxins of microbial origin toward eukaryotic cells not detectable in building materials by the other methods.
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Registered trials
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