ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1997
Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by epithelial cells in response to Chlamydia infection suggests a central role for epithelial cells in chlamydial pathogenesis.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 221 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
221 citing papers in PubMed, 510 citations in OpenAlex.
- An organotypic ectocervix mucosa model to study host-pathogen interaction of sexually transmitted infections.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D replicates in uroepithelial T24/83 cells in the absence of overt inflammation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrated multi-omics analysis uncovers cervicovaginal ecological networks and their association withInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Article
- Chlamydia trachomatis orchestrates multifaceted host cell manipulation for immune evasion.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections among reproductive-age adults in Shantou, China: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Proinflammatory Cytokines in Women with PCOS in Atypical Pathogen Infections.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Insights into intestinal barrier disruption during long-term gutFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Infections withFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
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- Insights into Pathogenesis of Trachoma.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Changes in Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Rectal Mucosa Associated With Neisseria gonorrheae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Treatment Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Lima, Peru.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of crosstalk between the oropharyngeal microbiome and human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal carcinogenesis: a mini review.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Koala ocular disease grades are defined by chlamydial load changes and increases in Th2 immune responses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Chlamydial YAP activation in host endocervical epithelial cells mediates pro-fibrotic paracrine stimulation of fibroblasts.mSystems · 2023Article
- Intracellular lifestyle of Chlamydia trachomatis and host-pathogen interactions.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Chlamydia trachomatis plasmid-encoding Pgp3 protein induces secretion of distinct inflammatory signatures from HeLa cervical epithelial cells.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- The role of infected epithelial cells inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Cytokine profiling of samples positive for Chlamydia trachomatis and Human papillomavirus.PloS one · 2023Article
161 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chlamydia species infect epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces, and are major causes of sexually transmitted diseases. Infection is characterized by inflammation which is exacerbated upon reinfection, ultimately leading to tissue damage and scarring. Although central for the development of disease manifestations, little is known about the mechanisms that initiate and sustain the inflammatory response to Chlamydia. Infection of cervical and colonic epithelial cells with Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci is shown in the present studies to upregulate mRNA expression and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, GRO alpha, GM-CSF, and IL-6. In contrast to the rapid, but transient, cytokine induction following infection with other invasive bacteria, the epithelial cytokine response to Chlamydia was delayed until 20-24 h after infection, persisted throughout the chlamydial growth cycle (2-4 d), and required bacterial protein synthesis. Moreover, epithelial cell lines and primary endocervical epithelial cells released IL-1alpha after Chlamydia infection, and increased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines could be inhibited by anti-IL-1alpha. This suggests that IL-1alpha, released following lysis of infected epithelial cells, may amplify the inflammatory response by stimulating additional cytokine production by noninfected neighboring cells. These findings suggest a novel pathophysiologic concept wherein the acute host response to Chlamydia at mucosal surfaces is primarily initiated and sustained by epithelial cells, the first and major targets of chlamydial infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.