ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1997
Retinoid X receptor (RXR) within the RXR-retinoic acid receptor heterodimer binds its ligand and enhances retinoid-dependent gene expression.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
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- All-trans retinoic acid pretreatment of mesenchymal stem cells enhances the therapeutic effect on acute kidney injury.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Research progress in cardiotoxicity of organophosphate esters.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- The Cytoskeletal Protein Zyxin Inhibits Retinoic Acid Signaling by Destabilizing the Maternal mRNA of the RXRγ Nuclear Receptor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Rexinoids Modulate Effector T Cell Expression of Mucosal Homing Markers CCR9 and α4β7 Integrin and Direct Their MigrationFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The effect of S427F mutation on RXRα activity depends on its dimeric partner.Chemical science · 2021Article
- All-trans retinoic acid induces leukemia resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity by down-regulating B7-H6 expression via c-Myc signaling.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2021Article
- Regulation of RXR-RAR Heterodimers by RXR- and RAR-Specific Ligands and Their Combinations.Cells · 2019Article
- Synergistic effect of a retinoid X receptor-selective ligand bexarotene and docetaxel in prostate cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2019Article
- The Role of the Status of Selected Micronutrients in Shaping the Immune Function.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2019Review
- Disruption of Nuclear Receptor Signaling Alters Triphenyl Phosphate-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish Embryos.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2018Article
- Carotenoid glycosides from cyanobacteria are teratogenic in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo model.Chemosphere · 2017Article
- Liganded retinoic acid X receptor α represses connexin 43 through a potential retinoic acid response element in the promoter region.Pediatric research · 2016Article
- Article
- The Regulation and Function of Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 and Its Function during Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Development.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2016Review
- 9-cis retinoic acid is the ALDH1A1 product that stimulates melanogenesis.Experimental dermatology · 2013Article
- Divergent teratogenicity of agonists of retinoid X receptors in embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio).Ecotoxicology (London, England) · 2012Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) form heterodimers and regulate retinoid-mediated gene expression. We studied binding of RXR- and RAR-selective ligands to the RXR-RAR heterodimer and subsequent transcription. In limited proteolysis analyses, both RXR and RAR in the heterodimer bound their respective ligands and underwent a conformational change in the presence of a retinoic acid-responsive element. In reporter analyses, the RAR ligand (but not the RXR ligand), when added singly, activated transcription, but coaddition of the two ligands led to synergistic activation of transcription. This activation required the AF-2 domain of both RXR and RAR. Genomic footprinting analysis was performed with P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, in which transcription of the RARbeta gene is induced upon retinoid addition. Paralleling the reporter activation data, only the RAR ligand induced in vivo occupancy of the RARbeta2 promoter when added singly. However, at suboptimal concentrations of RAR ligand, coaddition of the RXR ligand increased the stability of promoter occupancy. Thus, liganded RXR and RAR both participate in transcription. Finally, when these ligands were tested for teratogenic effects on zebra fish and Xenopus embryos, we found that coadministration of the RXR and RAR ligands caused more severe abnormalities in these embryos than either ligand alone, providing biological support for the synergistic action of the two ligands.
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