ArticleJournal of virology1997
The CD4-independent tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 involves several regions of the envelope protein and correlates with a reduced activation threshold for envelope-mediated fusion.
Article in Journal of virology, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retroviral host range extension is coupled with Env-activating mutations resulting in receptor-independent entry.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Derivation and Characterization of a CD4-Independent, Non-CD4-Tropic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Reversible masking using low-molecular-weight neutral lipids to achieve optimal-targeted delivery.Journal of drug delivery · 2012Article
- Optimization of Non-Viral Gene Therapeutics Using Bilamellar Invaginated Vesicles.Journal of genetic syndromes & gene therapy · 2011Article
- CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus infection involves participation of endocytosis and cathepsin B.PloS one · 2011Article
- A combinatorial approach for targeted delivery using small molecules and reversible masking to bypass nonspecific uptake in vivo.Gene therapy · 2010Article
- Conserved changes in envelope function during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor switching.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- Kinetic studies of HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelope glycoprotein-mediated fusion.Retrovirology · 2006Article
- Differential utilization of CD134 as a functional receptor by diverse strains of feline immunodeficiency virus.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Expanded tropism and altered activation of a retroviral glycoprotein resistant to an entry inhibitor peptide.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Article
- CD4-independent entry and replication of simian immunodeficiency virus in primary rhesus macaque astrocytes are regulated by the transmembrane protein.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Enfuvirtide resistance mutations: impact on human immunodeficiency virus envelope function, entry inhibitor sensitivity, and virus neutralization.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- The cytoplasmic tail slows the folding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Env from a late prebundle configuration into the six-helix bundle.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Impact of mutations in the coreceptor binding site on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fusion, infection, and entry inhibitor sensitivity.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Identification of gp120 binding sites on CXCR4 by using CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus type 2 Env proteins.Journal of virology · 2003Article
- Differential N-linked glycosylation of human immunodeficiency virus and Ebola virus envelope glycoproteins modulates interactions with DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR.Journal of virology · 2003Article
- Sensitivity of HIV-1 to entry inhibitors correlates with envelope/coreceptor affinity, receptor density, and fusion kinetics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2002Article
- CD4 independence of simian immunodeficiency virus Envs is associated with macrophage tropism, neutralization sensitivity, and attenuated pathogenicity.Journal of virology · 2002Article
- A recombinant virus assay using full-length envelope sequences to detect changes in HIV-1 co-receptor usage.Virus genes · 2001Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) strains have been shown to infect some CD4-negative cell lines (P. R. Clapham, A. McKnight, and R. A. Weiss, J. Virol. 66:3531-3537, 1992). Using molecular clones of HIV-2 with a CD4-independent tropism, we have identified critical amino acid residues in the envelope protein which are required for CD4-independent infection. Mutations located immediately upstream of a proposed coiled coil domain in the transmembrane protein (A526T or I528M) and flanking the base of the V4 loop (L378F and K403R) are crucial for the CD4-independent phenotype. Of several mutations conferring a positive charge in V1, V2, and V3, only the change in V3 (Q310K) helped to enhance the CD4-independent phenotype but could not mediate it on its own. These mutations reduce the amount of soluble CD4 required to trigger CD4-independent cell-cell fusion, suggesting that they lower the activation threshold for the fusion process. After binding to cell surface-anchored CD4, a CD4-independent recombinant envelope protein showed an increased binding of anti-envelope protein antibodies, suggesting either an enhanced binding to cell surfaces or more extensive conformational changes in CD4-independent compared to CD4-dependent envelope proteins. The reduced activation threshold of CD4-independent envelope proteins may thus enable them to utilize a membrane molecule for entry which is not as efficient as CD4 in triggering the conformational changes required for the membrane fusion process. CD4-independent HIV-2 variants may be conceptually similar to influenza virus variants capable of fusing at a higher than normal pH (R. S. Daniels, J. C. Downie, J. A. Hay, M. Knossow, J. J. Skehel, M. L. Wang, and D. C. Wiley, Cell 40:431-439, 1985).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.