ArticleInfection and immunity1997
Cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcal glucuronoxylomannan, galactoxylomannan, and mannoprotein induce different levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Analysis of Glucuronoxylomannogalactan and Glucuronoxylomannan Antibody Responses and Their Associations With Cryptococcal Disease Status in People With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The Capsular Polysaccharides GXM and GXMGal fromMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Design of an epitope-based peptide vaccine against Cryptococcus neoformans.FEBS open bio · 2024Article
- Assessing the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans causing meningitis in HIV infected and uninfected patients in Vietnam.Medical mycology · 2020Article
- Biology and function of exo-polysaccharides from human fungal pathogens.Current clinical microbiology reports · 2020Article
- Immunomodulatory Role of Capsular Polysaccharides Constituents ofFrontiers in medicine · 2019Review
- Involvement of the capsular GalXM-induced IL-17 cytokine in the control of Cryptococcus neoformans infection.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Understanding mechanisms underlying the pathology of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) by using animal models.Current clinical microbiology reports · 2018Article
- Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Retrospective Cohort of a Brazilian Reference Hospital in the Post-HAART Era of Universal Access.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2018Article
- Cryptococcosis-IRIS is associated with lower cryptococcus-specific IFN-γ responses before antiretroviral therapy but not higher T-cell responses during therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Cryptococcus-Related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome(IRIS): Pathogenesis and Its Clinical Implications.Current fungal infection reports · 2011Article
- Cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement and cellular gigantism during Galleria mellonella infection.PloS one · 2011Article
- Article
- Galactoxylomannans from Cryptococcus neoformans varieties neoformans and grubii are structurally and antigenically variable.Eukaryotic cell · 2010Article
- Involvement of glycoreceptors in galactoxylomannan-induced T cell death.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2009Article
- The capsule of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.Advances in applied microbiology · 2009Review
- Isolation and purification of antigenic components of Cryptococcus.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2009Article
- How sweet it is! Cell wall biogenesis and polysaccharide capsule formation in Cryptococcus neoformans.Annual review of microbiology · 2009Review
- Mannoproteins from Cryptococcus neoformans promote dendritic cell maturation and activation.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Aggregation of Cryptococcus neoformans by surfactant protein D is inhibited by its capsular component glucuronoxylomannan.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) during disseminated infection by Cryptococcus neoformans may initiate and amplify the immune response of the host, leading to elimination of the fungus. The ability to induce TNF-alpha in PBMC by four clinical strains of C. neoformans, a laboratory strain (NIH 37), and the purified cryptococcal components glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), galactoxylomannan (GalXM), and mannoproteins (MP1 and MP2) were investigated under different opsonic conditions. In the absence of serum, the levels of TNF-alpha induced by all strains and cryptococcal components were not above background levels. Normal human serum (NHS) enhanced TNF-alpha induction by whole cryptococci and the different cryptococcal components, with MP2 being the most potent TNF-alpha inducer. Inactivation of complement (HI NHS) almost abrogated the ability of whole cryptococci and the GXMs to induce TNF-alpha. In contrast, when MP1, MP2, and GalXM were incubated with HI NHS, 48, 71, and 44%, respectively, of the original TNF-alpha levels remained. MPs incubated with heat-inactivated immunoglobulin G (IgG)-depleted serum still induced 50% of the levels of TNF-alpha induced by components incubated with HI NHS. Both these sera contained the same very low levels of anti-MP IgG antibodies, indicating the opsonic effect of a heat-stable factor other than antibody. Two anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies (60BCA and 3C10) inhibited the production of TNF-alpha induced by MP2. The results indicate that (i) induction of TNF-alpha by C. neoformans and GXMs strongly depends on complement, (ii) MP1 and MP2 induction of TNF-alpha is facilitated by a heat-stable serum factor other than Ig, and (iii) CD14 may be involved in the induction of TNF-alpha by MP2.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.