ArticleInfection and immunity1997
Development of antibody-secreting cells and antigen-specific T cells in cervical lymph nodes after intranasal immunization.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1997. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing the potential of the NALT and BALT as targets for immunomodulation using engineering strategies to enhance mucosal uptake.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Identification of peptide epitopes of the gp120 protein of HIV-1 capable of inducing cellular and humoral immunity.RSC advances · 2023Article
- Review
- Activation of mucosal immunity as a novel therapeutic strategy for combating brucellosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Adjuvant selection regulates gut migration and phenotypic diversity of antigen-specific CD4Mucosal immunology · 2018Article
- Article
- Prime-boost approaches to tuberculosis vaccine development.Expert review of vaccines · 2012Review
- A novel combined adjuvant for nasal delivery elicits mucosal immunity to influenza in aging.Vaccine · 2012Article
- TLR2-dependent modulation of dendritic cells by LT-IIa-B5, a novel mucosal adjuvant derived from a type II heat-labile enterotoxin.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2011Article
- Psychological stress impairs the local CD8+ T cell response to mucosal HSV-1 infection and allows for increased pathogenicity via a glucocorticoid receptor-mediated mechanism.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2008Article
- Mutants of type II heat-labile enterotoxin LT-IIa with altered ganglioside-binding activities and diminished toxicity are potent mucosal adjuvants.Infection and immunity · 2007Article
- Induction and recall of immune memory by mucosal immunization with a non-toxic recombinant enterotoxin-based chimeric protein.Immunology · 2005Article
- Mucosal adjuvant properties of mutant LT-IIa and LT-IIb enterotoxins that exhibit altered ganglioside-binding activities.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Lymphotoxin plays a crucial role in the development and function of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue through regulation of chemokines and peripheral node addressin.The American journal of pathology · 2005Article
- Mucosally delivered Salmonella live vector vaccines elicit potent immune responses against a foreign antigen in neonatal mice born to naive and immune mothers.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi live vector vaccines delivered intranasally elicit regional and systemic specific CD8+ major histocompatibility class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Antigen binding to GM1 ganglioside results in delayed presentation: minimal effects of GM1 on presentation of antigens internalized via other pathways.Immunology · 2002Article
- Isotype-specific selection of high affinity memory B cells in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2001Article
- Rotavirus 2/6 virus-like particles administered intranasally in mice, with or without the mucosal adjuvants cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin, induce a Th1/Th2-like immune response.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- Intranasal immunization with SAG1 and nontoxic mutant heat-labile enterotoxins protects mice against Toxoplasma gondii.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intranasal (i.n.) immunization with bacterial protein antigens coupled to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) effectively induces mucosal, especially salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), and nonmucosal antibody responses in mice. To examine the regional distribution of antigen-specific B and T cells after i.n. immunization, antibody-secreting cells and antigen-responsive T cells in cervical lymph nodes (CLN) were compared with those found after intraoral or subcutaneous (in the neck) administration of the same antigen and with T cells found in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen after intragastric immunization. The i.n. immunization induced predominantly IgA antibody-secreting cells in salivary glands and IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells in the superficial and central CLN; these responses were quantitatively enhanced if the antigen was coupled to CTB. Intraoral immunization also induced IgA and IgG antibody-secreting cells in the superficial and central CLN, but only if intact cholera toxin was included as an adjuvant. In contrast, subcutaneous (neck) immunization induced IgG antibody-secreting cells mainly in the draining facial lymph nodes. CLN cell populations resembled those of MLN, except that CLN lymphocytes had higher proportions of T cells and lower proportions of B cells and a slightly higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio among T cells than the MLN lymphocytes did. T cells that proliferated in response to antigen in vitro were found especially in central CLN 2 days after i.n. immunization and persisted for up to 6 months, whereas after intragastric immunization, responsive T cells were not found in the MLN for up to 14 days. After culture with antigen in vitro, T cells from the superficial CLN of i.n. immunized mice secreted both gamma interferon and interleukin-4. Therefore, after i.n. immunization, superficial and central CLN represent sites of regional lymphocyte development, and the central CLN in particular appear to be sites where memory T cells persist.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.