ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1996
Fas-dependent CD4+ cytotoxic T-cell-mediated pathogenesis during virus infection.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Robust humoral and cellular recall responses to AZD1222 attenuate breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to unvaccinated.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- A specific microbial consortium enhances Th1 immunity, improves LCMV viral clearance but aggravates LCMV disease pathology in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Apoptosis and Phagocytosis as Antiviral Mechanisms.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2023Article
- Cytotoxic CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of Antiviral Cytotoxic CD4 T Cell Differentiation.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Dissecting the Landscape of Activated CMV-Stimulated CD4+ T Cells in Humans by Linking Single-Cell RNA-Seq With T-Cell Receptor Sequencing.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Sphingosine kinase 2 restricts T cell immunopathology but permits viral persistence.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Virus Infection and Death Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis.Viruses · 2017Review
- Article
- Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells: Differentiation, Function, and Application to Dengue Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- The Differentiation and Protective Function of Cytolytic CD4 T Cells in Influenza Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Perforin-dependent CD4+ T-cell cytotoxicity contributes to control a murine poxvirus infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2012Article
- An intermediate dose of LCMV clone 13 causes prolonged morbidity that is maintained by CD4+ T cells.Virology · 2012Article
- Cytotoxic CD4 T cells in antiviral immunity.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2011Review
- Cytolytic CD4(+) T cells in viral immunity.Expert review of vaccines · 2010Review
- Cytolytic CD4 cells: Direct mediators in infectious disease and malignancy.Cellular immunology · 2010Review
- Protective role of Fas-FasL signaling in lethal infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice.Journal of virology · 2009Article
- IL-12 immunotherapy of murine leukaemia: comparison of systemic versus gene modified cell therapy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2009Article
- IL-2 and antigen dose differentially regulate perforin- and FasL-mediated cytolytic activity in antigen specific CD4+ T cells.Cellular immunology · 2009Article
- Shaping and reshaping CD8+ T-cell memory.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2008Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
beta 2-Microglobulin-deficient (beta 2m-) mice generate a CD4+ major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response following infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus (LCMV). We have determined the cytotoxic mechanism used by these CD4+ CTLs and have examined the role of this cytotoxic activity in pathogenesis of LCM disease in beta 2m- mice. Lysis of LCMV-infected target cells by CTLs from beta 2m- mice is inhibited by addition of soluble Fas-Ig fusion proteins or by pretreatment of the CTLs with the protein synthesis inhibitor emetine. In addition, LCMV-infected cell lines that are resistant to anti-Fas-induced apoptosis are refractory to lysis by these virus-specific CD4+ CTLs. These data indicate that LCMV-specific CD4+ CTLs from beta 2m- mice use a Fas-dependent lytic mechanism. Intracranial (i.c.) infection of beta 2m- mice with LCMV results in loss of body weight. Fas-deficient beta 2m- Jpr mice develop a similar wasting disease following i.c. infection. This suggests that Fas-dependent cytotoxicity is not required for LCMV-induced weight loss. A potential mediator of this chronic wasting disease is tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, which is produced by LCMV-specific CD4+ CTLs. In contrast to LCMV-induced weight loss, lethal LCM disease in beta 2m- mice is dependent on Fas-mediated cytotoxicity. Transfer of immune splenocytes from LCMV-infected beta 2m- mice into irradiated infected beta 2m- mice results in death of recipient animals. In contrast, transfer of these splenocytes into irradiated infected beta 2m- Jpr mice does not cause death. Thus a role for CD4+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in virus-induced immunopathology has now been demonstrated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.