ArticleOccupational and environmental medicine1996
Exposure to nickel compounds and smoking in relation to incidence of lung and nasal cancer among nickel refinery workers.
Article in Occupational and environmental medicine, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence in the 1900s relating smoking to lung cancer.BMC cancer · 2012Pooled it
- Association of sinonasal cancer incidence with occupation in the Nordic countries - elevated risk especially among woodworkers.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2025Article
- A Narrative Review of Metallomic Studies: Revealing the Toxic Metal Burden in Tobacco Smokers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Occupational multimorbidity in the nickel industry workers.International journal of circumpolar health · 2023Article
- Heavy metals concentrations and speciation of Pb and Ni in airborne particulate matter over two residential sites in Greater Cairo - reflection from synchrotron radiation.Journal of synchrotron radiation · 2022Article
- Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: Insights into nickel-induced lung diseases.Seminars in cancer biology · 2021Review
- Cumulative Risks from Stressor Exposures and Personal Risk Factors in the Workplace: Examples from a Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Toxic elements as biomarkers for breast cancer: a meta-analysis study.Cancer management and research · 2018Review
- In vitro genotoxicity of airborne Ni-NP in air-liquid interface.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2017Article
- Nickel induces transcriptional down-regulation of DNA repair pathways in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic lung cells.Carcinogenesis · 2017Article
- Mortality in a combined cohort of uranium enrichment workers.American journal of industrial medicine · 2017Article
- The role of microRNAs in metal carcinogen-induced cell malignant transformation and tumorigenesis.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2016Review
- Article
- Impact of nickel mining in New Caledonia assessed by compositional data analysis of lichens.SpringerPlus · 2016Article
- Occupational and environmental causes of lung cancer.Clinics in chest medicine · 2012Review
- Article
- Impact of occupational carcinogens on lung cancer risk in a general population.International journal of epidemiology · 2012Article
- Elucidating the mechanisms of nickel compound uptake: a review of particulate and nano-nickel endocytosis and toxicity.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2012Review
- Evidence of carcinogenicity in humans of water-soluble nickel salts.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the relation between occupational hazards among nickel refinery workers and their exposure to different forms of nickel over time and the interaction between smoking and total exposure to nickel.
methodsThe cohort consisted of 379 workers with first employment 1916-40 and at least three years of employment and 4385 workers with at least one year of employment 1946-83. Data on smoking (ever or never) were available for almost 95% of the cohort. Two analyses were used, indirect standardisation from observed and expected numbers and Poisson regression.
resultsDuring the follow up 1953-93, 203 new cases of lung cancer were observed v 68 expected (standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 3.0, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.6-3.4) and 32 cases of nasal cancer were observed v 1.8 expected (SIR 18.0, 95% CI 12-25). The Poisson regression analysis showed an excess risk of lung cancer in association with exposure to soluble forms of nickel, with a threefold increase in relative risk (RR) (P < 0.001) and a multiplicative effect of smoking and exposure to nickel. The RRs were 1.1 (95% CI 0.2-5.1) for exposed workers who had never smoked and 5.1 (95% CI 1.3-20.5) for exposed workers who smoked.
conclusionIt is not possible to state with certainty which specific nickel compounds are carcinogenic, but a significant excess risk was found for workers exposed to soluble nickel alone or in combination with other forms of nickel. The present study suggests a multiplicative effect of smoking and nickel exposure.
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