ArticleImmunology1996
Production of the third and fourth component of complement (C3, C4) by smooth muscle cells.
Article in Immunology, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The endurance effort on a mechanical treadmill does not activate the complement system among trained young women.PloS one · 2026Article
- The Complement System as a Part of Immunometabolic Post-Exercise Response in Adipose and Muscle Tissue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Innate Immune Cells Are Regulated by Axl in Hypertensive Kidney.The American journal of pathology · 2018Article
- Role of complement 3a in the synthetic phenotype and angiotensin II-production in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats.American journal of hypertension · 2012Article
- Resistant arterial hypertension is associated with higher blood levels of complement C3 and C-reactive protein.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2008Article
- Autoantibodies to vascular smooth muscle are pathogenic for vasculitis.The American journal of pathology · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Production of the third and fourth components of complement (C3, C4) by smooth muscle cells was investigated by using normal human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMC), human smooth muscle cell line (G402) and vascular smooth muscle cells obtained from human umbilical cord vein (UVSMC). AoSMC spontaneously produced both C3 and C4 at 15 ng/10(6) cells/72 hr and 22 ng/10(6) cells/72 hr, respectively, and both were enhanced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Although phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) enhanced C3 production, C4 production was reduced by these agents. On the other hand, G402 produced C4 but not C3 in a dose-dependent manner when cultured with IFN-gamma. UVSMC produced only a small amount of C3 and C4 compared with AoSMC or G402. C3 and C4 produced by AoSMC were confirmed to be identical with their human serum counterparts as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and measurement of haemolytic activity. Northern blotting analysis showed that the expression of mRNA of C3 and C4 was enhanced by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, respectively, in AoSMC. Our findings suggest the importance of smooth muscle cells as a source of components of complement in vascular diseases including vasculitis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.