ArticleInfection and immunity1996
Supernatants from Staphylococcus epidermidis grown in the presence of different antibiotics induce differential release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from human monocytes.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multifaceted Small Molecules as Enzyme Modulators: Cases of Drug Discovery/Repurposing Illustrating Nature's Pragmatism.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Treatment of Bacterial Infections with β-Lactams: Cooperation with Innate Immunity.Infection and immunity · 2023Review
- Inoculation Pneumonia Caused by Coagulase NegativeFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Riboflavin along with antibiotics balances reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines and controlsJournal of inflammation (London, England) · 2016Article
- Linezolid effects on bacterial toxin production and host immune response: review of the evidence.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2012Review
- Receptors, mediators, and mechanisms involved in bacterial sepsis and septic shock.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2003Review
- Modulation of release of proinflammatory bacterial compounds by antibacterials: potential impact on course of inflammation and outcome in sepsis and meningitis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2002Review
- Characterization of a monoclonal antibody that binds to an epitope on soluble bacterial peptidoglycan fragments.Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology · 2001Article
- Interleukin-10 regulates the tissue factor activity of monocytes in an in vitro model of bacterial endocarditis.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Antibiotic-induced release of lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus: quantitative measurements and biological reactivities.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 1998Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial products from gram-positive bacteria, such as peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, and toxins, activate mononuclear cells to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). The present study evaluated the release of soluble cell wall components from Staphylococcus epidermidis capable of inducing TNF after exposure of the bacteria to various antibiotics. A clinical S. epidermidis isolate (694) was incubated with either penicillin, oxacillin, vancomycin, or clindamycin at five times the MIC. Supernatants of the cultures obtained by filtration were added to plastic adherent monocytes in the absence or presence of human serum. After 18 h of incubation, monocyte supernatants were tested for the presence of TNF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Supernatants from bacteria incubated with beta-lactam antibiotics induced higher TNF levels than those obtained from bacteria incubated with culture medium only (no antibiotics), vancomycin, or clindamycin. Human serum potentiated supernatant-induced TNF release, especially in beta-lactam supernatants. The soluble peptidoglycan and teichoic acid contents of supernatants, as estimated by inhibition ELISA and, for peptidoglycan, also by affinity depletion with vancomycin-Sepharose gel, were proportional to TNF release. Differences in the ability of individual antibiotics to generate TNF-releasing products from S. epidermidis were observed, the most potent antibiotics being penicillin and oxacillin.
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