ArticleInfection and immunity1996
CD4-mediated and CD8-mediated cytotoxic and proliferative immune responses to Toxoplasma gondii in seropositive humans.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- HLA polymorphisms shape divergent outcomes of Toxoplasma and Plasmodium infection in Eastern Indian HbE/β-thalassemia cohort.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Flow Cytometric Analysis of the Cytotoxic T-Cell Recall Response toVeterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Cytotoxic activity in cutaneous leishmaniasis.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2017Review
- Measurement of the T Cell Response to Preerythrocytic Vaccination in Mice.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2015Article
- DNA vaccination with a gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii Deoxyribose Phosphate Aldolase (TgDPA) induces partial protective immunity against lethal challenge in mice.Parasites & vectors · 2014Article
- Dysfunctional adaptive immunity during parasitic infections.Current immunology reviews · 2013Article
- The CD8 T-cell road to immunotherapy of toxoplasmosis.Immunotherapy · 2011Review
- CD8 T Cells and Toxoplasma gondii: A New Paradigm.Journal of parasitology research · 2011Article
- Regulation of CD8+ T cell responses to infection with parasitic protozoa.Experimental parasitology · 2010Review
- Absence of both IL-7 and IL-15 severely impairs the development of CD8 T cell response against Toxoplasma gondii.PloS one · 2010Article
- A simple method to detect Toxoplasma gondii-specific cytotoxic T cells in vivo.Journal of immunological methods · 2010Article
- Identification of vaccine candidate peptides in the NcSRS2 surface protein of Neospora caninum by using CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and gamma interferon-secreting T lymphocytes of infected holstein cattle.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Apoptosis and the balance of homeostatic and pathologic responses to protozoan infection.Infection and immunity · 2003Review
- Neospora caninum-infected cattle develop parasite-specific CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Infection and immunity · 2003Article
- Evidence that development of severe cardiomyopathy in human Chagas' disease is due to a Th1-specific immune response.Infection and immunity · 2003Article
- A GRA1 DNA vaccine primes cytolytic CD8(+) T cells to control acute Toxoplasma gondii infection.Infection and immunity · 2003Article
- Cellular immune responses to recombinant antigens in pregnant women chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii.Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology · 2002Article
- Toxoplasma gondii-infected human myeloid dendritic cells induce T-lymphocyte dysfunction and contact-dependent apoptosis.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Complete protection against lethal Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice immunized with a plasmid encoding the SAG1 gene.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Both CD4+ and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are part of the human immune response to Toxoplasma gondii infection. To further our understanding of Toxoplasma immunity, we investigated factors influencing stimulation of CD4+ or CD8+ human T. gondii-specific immune cells. Both antigen-pulsed and Toxoplasma-infected antigen-presenting cells (APC) induced cell proliferation. Toxoplasma-infected APC elicited strong proliferation of CD4+ cells, but little or no proliferation of CD8+ cells, unless high antigen loads were used. Toxoplasma-infected APC stimulated specific cytotoxicity poorly or not at all, owing to death of stimulated cultures, whereas antigen-pulsed APC strongly elicited specific cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity elicited by either type of APC resided exclusively in CD4+ T cells in polyclonal cultures. Thus, Toxoplasma-infected APC elicited stronger CD4-mediated than CD8-mediated cell proliferation and generated CD4+ CTL more readily than CD8+ CTL. Nonetheless, specific CD8+ memory cells were demonstrated, and rare CD8+ Toxoplasma-specific CTL were subcloned. Fixed Toxoplasma-infected APC (which induce CD8+ CTL) also elicited cell proliferation, but polyclonal cultures stimulated with these infected APC did not die. Unfixed Toxoplasma-infected APC strongly inhibited phytohemagglutinin-induced cell proliferation, whereas fixed APC did not. These data suggested that infected APC were inhibitory or lethal to some immune cells. Further investigations into interactions between immune cells and Toxoplasma-infected cells likely will help elucidate factors involved in the immunopathogenesis of Toxoplasma infection. As other intracellular parasites, including Plasmodium spp. and Leishmania spp., also elicit CD4+ CTL, such work may help establish paradigms governing immunity to intracellular parasites.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.