ReviewAnnals of surgery1996
Interleukin-6 in the injured patient. Marker of injury or mediator of inflammation?
Review in Annals of surgery, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 495 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Benefit and Safety of Preoperative Administration of Steroid in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Relationships of common polymorphisms in IL-6, IL-1A, and IL-1B genes with susceptibility to osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2015Pooled it
- Use of pre-operative steroids in liver resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association · 2014Pooled it
- Laparoscopic versus conventional open surgery for immune function in patients with colorectal cancer.International journal of colorectal disease · 2011Pooled it
- Laparoscopic Splenectomy and Azygoportal Disconnection: a Systematic Review.JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic SurgeonsPooled it
- Effects of Dangguixu-san in patients with acute lateral ankle sprain: a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2021Trial
- Interleukin-6 as possible early marker of stress response after femoral fracture.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2017Trial
- Effect of low-dose ketamine on post-operative serum IL-6 production among elective surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial.African health sciences · 2017Trial
- Trial
- A randomized controlled trial on the effects of goal-directed therapy on the inflammatory response open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.Critical care (London, England) · 2015Trial
- Radiofrequency is a secure and effective method for pancreatic transection in laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: results of a randomized, controlled trial in an experimental model.Surgical endoscopy · 2013Trial
- A prospective, randomized comparison of pain, inflammatory response, and short-term outcomes between single port and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Surgical endoscopy · 2013Trial
- Influence of acute epinephrine infusion on endotoxin-induced parameters of heart rate variability: a randomized controlled trial.Annals of surgery · 2009Trial
- Does the approach to the groin make a difference in hernia repair?Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2007Trial
- Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition attenuates plasma interleukin-6 in surgical patients with lower disease severity.World journal of gastroenterology · 2005Trial
- A trauma-like elevation of plasma cytokines in humans in response to treadmill running.The Journal of physiology · 1998Trial
- A comparative study of the analgesic effects of intravenous ketorolac, paracetamol, and morphine in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A double-blind, active-controlled, randomized clinical trial.Annals of cardiac anaesthesiaTrial
- Association of early interleukin-6 level with injury severity and mortality in trauma patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammatory blood-based biomarkers to aid in the assessment and prognostication of traumatic brain injury: a TRACK-TBI study.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Predictive Value of C-Reactive Protein Levels in Adults with Major Burns in Benin City, Nigeria.Annals of burns and fire disasters · 2026Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe effects of interleukin (IL)-6 in the injured patient are examined in an attempt to clarify the potential pathophysiologic role of IL-6 in the response to injury. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Interleukin-6 is an integral cytokine mediator of the acute phase response to injury and infection. However, prolonged and excessive elevations of circulating IL-6 levels in patients after trauma, burns, and elective surgery have been associated with complications and mortality. The mechanistic role of IL-6 in mediating these effects is unclear.
methodsA review of current literature is performed to summarize the origins, mechanisms of action, and biologic effects of IL-6 and to characterize the IL-6 response to injury.
resultsInterleukin-6 is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by a variety of cells after a multitude of stimuli, under complex regulatory control mechanisms. The IL-6 response to injury is uniquely consistent and related to the magnitude of the insult. Moreover, the early postinjury IL-6 response correlates with complications as well as mortality.
conclusionsInterleukin-6 appears to play an active role in the postinjury immune response, making it an attractive therapeutic target in attempts to control hyperinflammatory provoked organ injury.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.