ArticleThe Journal of cell biology1996
Kinetochores moving away from their associated pole do not exert a significant pushing force on the chromosome.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- CENP-E initiates chromosome congression by opposing Aurora kinases to promote end-on attachments.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Ndc80 complex, a conserved coupler for kinetochore-microtubule motility, is a sliding molecular clutch.Science advances · 2025Article
- SKAP binding to microtubules reduces friction at the kinetochore-microtubule interface and increases attachment stability under force.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Acentric chromosome congression and alignment on the metaphase plate via kinetochore-independent forces.Genetics · 2025Article
- SKAP binding to microtubules reduces friction at the kinetochore-microtubule interface and increases attachment stability under force.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Mechanical coupling coordinates microtubule growth.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The Astrin-SKAP complex reduces friction at the kinetochore-microtubule interface.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- The Role of Mitotic Kinases and the RZZ Complex in Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments: Doing the Right Link.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Mitotic spindle: lessons from theoretical modeling.Molecular biology of the cell · 2021Article
- Mechanisms driving acentric chromosome transmission.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2020Review
- Individual kinetochore-fibers locally dissipate force to maintain robust mammalian spindle structure.The Journal of cell biology · 2020Article
- Mechanics of Multicentrosomal Clustering in Bipolar Mitotic Spindles.Biophysical journal · 2020Article
- Mammalian kinetochores count attached microtubules in a sensitive and switch-like manner.The Journal of cell biology · 2019Article
- Non-random Mis-segregation of Human Chromosomes.Cell reports · 2018Article
- Tension sensors reveal how the kinetochore shares its load.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2017Review
- Hec1 Tail Phosphorylation Differentially Regulates Mammalian Kinetochore Coupling to Polymerizing and Depolymerizing Microtubules.Current biology : CB · 2017Article
- Congressing kinetochores progressively load Ska complexes to prevent force-dependent detachment.The Journal of cell biology · 2017Article
- Mechanisms of Chromosome Congression during Mitosis.Biology · 2017Review
- Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We used video-light microscopy and laser microsurgery to test the hypothesis that as a bioriented prometaphase chromosome changes position in PtK1 cells, the kinetochore moving away from its associated pole (AP) exerts a pushing force on the centromere. When we rapidly severed congressing chromosomes near the spindle equator between the sister kinetochores, the kinetochore that was originally "leading" the motion towards a pole (P) always (17/17 cells) continued moving P whereas the "trailing" kinetochore moving AP always stopped moving as soon as the operation was completed. This trailing kinetochore then initiated motion towards the pole it was originally moving away from up to 50 s later. The same result was observed (15/15 cells) when we selectively destroyed the leading (P moving) kinetochore on a congressing chromosome positioned > or = 3 microns from the pole it was moving away from. When we conducted this experiment on congressing chromosomes positioned within 3 microns of the pole, the centromere region either stopped moving, before switching into motion towards the near pole (2/4 cells), or it continued to move AP for 30-44 s (2/4 cells) before switching into P motion. Finally, kinetochore-free chromosome fragments, generated in the polar regions of PtK1 spindles, were ejected AP and often towards the spindle equator at approximately 2 microns/min. From these data we conclude that the kinetochore moving AP on a moving chromosome does not exert a significant pushing force on the chromosome. Instead, our results reveal that, when not generating a P force, kinetochores are in a "neutral" state that allows them to remain stationary or to coast AP in response to external forces sufficient to allow their K-fiber to elongate.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.