ArticleDiabetologia1996
Diagnostic sensitivity of immunodominant epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantibodies in childhood IDDM.
Article in Diabetologia, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- GAD65 autoantibody characteristics in patients with co-occurring type 1 diabetes and epilepsy may help identify underlying epilepsy etiologies.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2018Article
- DPD epitope-specific glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65 autoantibodies in children with Type 1 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2017Article
- Antigen presentation of detergent-free glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) is affected by human serum albumin as carrier protein.Journal of immunological methods · 2008Article
- Expression of GAD67 and novel GAD67 splice variants during human fetal pancreas development: GAD67 expression in the fetal pancreas.Endocrine pathology · 2007Article
- Dynamic changes of GAD65 autoantibody epitope specificities in individuals at risk of developing type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2005Article
- Multiplicity of the antibody response to GAD65 in Type I diabetes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2004Article
- Conformation-dependent GAD65 autoantibodies in diabetes.Diabetologia · 2004Article
- Autoimmune diabetes: more than just one flavor?Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2004Review
- GAD65 antibody isotypes and epitope recognition during the prediabetic process in siblings of children with type I diabetes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2004Article
- Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2003Review
- Improved in planta expression of the human islet autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65).Transgenic research · 2003Article
- Distinct antigenic features of linear epitopes at the N-terminus and C-terminus of 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65): implications for autoantigen modification during pathogenesis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2002Article
- Comparative analysis of epitope recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by autoantibodies from different autoimmune disorders.Clinical and experimental immunology · 1999Article
- Humoral and cellular immune parameters before and during immunosuppressive therapy of a patient with stiff-man syndrome and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 1998Article
- Heterogeneity in the occurrence of a subset of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in autoimmune polyendocrine patients with islet cell antibodies.Clinical and experimental immunology · 1998Article
- A study of the epitopes on steroid 21-hydroxylase recognized by autoantibodies in patients with or without Addison's disease.Clinical and experimental immunology · 1998Article
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7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
The prevalence and titre of epitope-specific autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) in 155 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) and 9 GAD65 antibody (Ab)-positive healthy children were determined using four GAD65/67 chimaeric molecules which discriminate among the N-terminal (N), middle (M) and C-terminal (C) epitopes of GAD65. Radioligand binding assays for IgGAb used immunoprecipitation of in vitro translated 35S-GAD. We found autoantibodies to GAD65 in 116 of 155 (75%), to GAD67 in 19 of 155 (12%) (p < 0.0001) and to the GAD65-N-67 chimaera in 25 of 155 (16%) (p < 0.0001) IDDM sera. GAD67Ab were found almost exclusively (17 of 19, 89%) in GAD65Ab-positive sera and the levels of GAD67Ab correlated with those of GAD65Ab (r2 = 0.5913; p = 0.009). GAD65Ab directed to GAD65-M were found in 104 of 155 (67%), to GAD65-C in 104 of 155 (67%) and to GAD65-M + C in 116 of 155 (75%) of IDDM sera, and indicated reactivity to at least two distinct epitopes. Among the nine GAD65Ab-positive healthy children, two (22%) were also positive with GAD67, nine (100%) with GAD65-M + C, seven (78%) with GAD65-M, eight (89%) with GAD65-C and two (22%) with GAD65-N-67. Titres of GAD65Ab (p = 0.007), GAD65-C-Ab (p = 0.002) and GAD65-C + M-Ab (p = 0.003), but not of GAD65-M-Ab (p = 0.101) were significantly higher in IDDM than in healthy children. We conclude that GAD65Ab in IDDM and healthy children are directed to middle and C-terminal epitopes, and propose that levels of antibodies specifically directed to the carboxy-terminal end of GAD65 may distinguish IDDM from healthy children.
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