ReviewInfection
Immunomodulating effects of antibiotics: literature review.
Review in Infection. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic expression of cytokine production in patients with severe pneumococcal pneumonia: effects of treatment with a beta-lactam versus a fluoroquinolone.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2008Trial
- Antibiotic use and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a population-based case-control study.British journal of cancer · 2008Trial
- Improving fidaxomicin production through ARTP mutagenesis and fermentation optimization inSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025Article
- Pregnane X Receptor Activation in Liver Macrophages Protects against Endotoxin-Induced Liver Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Hematological and Biochemical Responses of Newly Formulated Primary Root Canal Obturating Material: An In Vivo Study.Cureus · 2022Article
- Remission of chronic acne fulminans and severe hidradenitis suppurativa with targeted antibiotherapy.JAAD case reports · 2019Article
- Triclosan: An Update on Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Review
- The effect of oral clindamycin and rifampicin combination therapy in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa in Singapore.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2018Article
- Azithromycin and Chloramphenicol Diminish Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Release.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Alteration of inflammatory cytokine production in primary total knee arthroplasty using antibiotic-loaded bone cement.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2017Article
- Dendritic cell expression of the signaling molecule TRAF6 is required for immune tolerance in the lung.International immunology · 2017Article
- Review
- The effect of clindamycin and amoxicillin on neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release.Central-European journal of immunology · 2016Article
- Microbiota-Independent Ameliorative Effects of Antibiotics on Spontaneous Th2-Associated Pathology of the Small Intestine.PloS one · 2015Article
- Bactericidal antibiotics temporarily increase inflammation and worsen acute kidney injury in experimental sepsis.Critical care medicine · 2012Article
- Tretinoin: A Review of Its Anti-inflammatory Properties in the Treatment of Acne.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2011Article
- Impact of antibiotic therapy on systemic cytokine expression in pneumococcal pneumonia.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2010Article
- Penetration of antibacterials into bone: pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and bioanalytical considerations.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2009Review
- Effects of fluoroquinolones on the migration of human phagocytes through Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected and tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated endothelial cells.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2004Article
- Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques: evidence that dendritic cells are early and sustained targets of infection.The American journal of pathology · 2003Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibiotics can interact directly with the immune system. This is a review of the immunomodulating effects of antibiotics. The Medline database on CD-ROM was searched for the years 1987 to 1994 using the following search string: "thesaurus explode antibiotics/all AND (thesaurus explode immune-system/drug effects OR thesaurus immune-tolerance/drug effects)." Aspects of the immune system studied were aspects of phagocyte functions: phagocytosis and killing, and chemotaxis and aspects of lymphocyte functions: lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, antibody production, delayed hypersensitivity and natural killer-cell activity. In order to quantify and to compare immunomodulatory properties of antibiotics we calculated an "immune index," defined as: number of positive statements--number of negative statements/total number of statements. Concerning phagocytosis, positive effects were observed for cefodizime, imipenem, cefoxitin, amphotericin B and clindamycin and negative effects for erythromycin, roxithromycin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, ampicillin and gentamicin. Clindamycin, cefoxition and imipenem induce enhancement of chemotaxis, whereas cefotazime, rifampicin and teicoplanin decrease chemotaxis. Regarding lymphocyte proliferation, cefodizime has the strongest stimulating effect, whereas tetracycline has the strongest negative effect. Except for erythromycin and amphotericin B the number of statements reported is too small to be conclusive for the interpretation of effects on cytokine production. Erythromycin and amphotericin B appear to stimulate cytokine production. As to antibody production, cefodizime has the strongest positive effect, whereas josamycin, rifampicin and tetracycline have marked negative effects. For delayed hypersensitivity and the natural killer-cell activity the number of statements is too small for any single antibiotic to be conclusive. There are three markedly immuno-enhancing antibiotics (imipenem, cefodizime and clindamycin) and eight markedly immuno-depressing antibiotics (erythromycin, roxithromycin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, rifampicin, gentamicin, teicoplanin and ampicillin).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.