Evidence map›Paper›PMID 8858209›Full record

ReviewDiabetologia1996

The harmony of the spheres: inducible nitric oxide synthase and related genes in pancreatic beta cells.

D L Eizirik, M Flodström, A E Karlsen, N Welsh

Abstract readComparative StudyReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetologia, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed
7.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 305 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Enhancing Bioactive Components ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
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  18. MicroRNA-423 may regulate diabetic vasculopathy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2019
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15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

D L EizirikDepartment of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
M Flodström
A E Karlsen
N Welsh
Uppsala University · SESteno Diabetes Center · DKVrije Universiteit Brussel · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The radical nitric oxide (NO) is a possible mediator of pancreatic beta-cell damage in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). NO is produced by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), in a reaction where arginine is the main substrate. There are different isoforms of NOS, but in the context of immune mediated beta-cell damage the inducible form of NOS (iNOS) is the most relevant. The beta-cell iNOS is similar and encoded by the same gene on chromosome 17 as the iNOS expressed in macrophages and other nucleated cells. iNOS activation depends on gene transcription and de novo enzyme synthesis, and NO seems to induce a negative feedback on iNOS expression. While iNOS mRNA is induced by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) alone in rodent insulin-producing cells, a combination of two (IL-1 beta + interferon gamma) (IFN-gamma) or three (IL-1 beta + IFN gamma + tumour necrosis factor alpha) cytokines is required for iNOS activation in human pancreatic islets. The promoter region of the murine iNOS gene has at least 25 binding sites for different transcription factors, and the nuclear transcription factor kappa B is necessary for cytokine-induced iNOS transcription in both rodent and human pancreatic islets. The nature of other transcription factors relevant for iNOS regulation in these cells remains to be determined. Induction of iNOS is paralleled by induction of several other cytokine-dependent genes in beta cells, including argininosuccinate synthetase, cyclooxygenase and manganese superoxide dismutase. Some of these genes may contribute to beta-cell damage, while others are probably involved in beta-cell defence and/or repair. Regulation of iNOS and other related genes in beta cells is complex, and differs in several aspects from that observed in macrophages. There are also important differences in iNOS regulation between rodent and human pancreatic islets. A detailed knowledge of the molecular regulation of these genes in beta cells may be instrumental in the development of new approaches to prevent beta-cell destruction in early IDDM.

Indexed as

AnimalsCytokinesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Enzyme InductionGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicHumansIslets of LangerhansMiceNF-kappa BNitric Oxide SynthasePromoter Regions, GeneticRatsRNA, MessengerSignal TransductionCytokinesNF-kappa BNitric Oxide SynthaseRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID8858209
OpenAlexW2047380363

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.