ReviewAnatomy and embryology1996
Brain cooling in humans--anatomical considerations.
Review in Anatomy and embryology, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02375789 (Intranasal Evaporative COOLing for the Symptomatic Relief of Migraine HEADache - A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study"), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intranasal Evaporative COOLing for the Symptomatic Relief of Migraine HEADache - A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study"
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vascular Microforamina in Adult Human Braincase: A Survey on Dry Skulls.American journal of biological anthropology · 2025Article
- Targeting brain-peripheral immune responses for secondary brain injury after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Article
- Craniovascular traits and braincase morphology in craniosynostotic human skulls.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Article
- Normal craniovascular variation in two modern European adult populations.Journal of anatomy · 2019Article
- A novel selective cooling system for the brain: feasibility study in rabbits vs piglets.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2018Article
- Direct vascular channels connect skull bone marrow and the brain surface enabling myeloid cell migration.Nature neuroscience · 2018Article
- The mouse cortical meninges are the site of immune responses to many different pathogens, and are accessible to intravital imaging.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2017Review
- Cerebral Temperature Dysregulation: MR Thermographic Monitoring in a Nonhuman Primate Study of Acute Ischemic Stroke.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2017Article
- Identification of the Upward Movement of Human CSFThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2017Article
- Yawning reduces facial temperature in the high-yawning subline of Sprague-Dawley rats.BMC neuroscience · 2017Article
- Thermal imaging reveals sizable shifts in facial temperature surrounding yawning in budgerigars (Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2017Article
- Vascular patterns in the heads of crocodilians: blood vessels and sites of thermal exchange.Journal of anatomy · 2016Article
- A new approach to selective brain cooling by a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2016Article
- Therapeutic effect of intranasal evaporative cooling in patients with migraine: a pilot study.The journal of headache and pain · 2015Observational
- Thermal Regulation of the Brain-An Anatomical and Physiological Review for Clinical Neuroscientists.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2015Review
- Abnormal yawning in stroke patients: the role of brain thermoregulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2014Article
- Brain temperature and its fundamental properties: a review for clinical neuroscientists.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2014Review
- The physiological origin of task-evoked systemic artefacts in functional near infrared spectroscopy.NeuroImage · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vascular arrangements allowing a bulky transfer of venous blood from the skin of the head and from nasal and paranasal mucous membranes to the dura matter provide an excellent anatomical basis for the convection process of cooling, caused by evaporation of sweat or mucus. The dura mater, with its extraordinarily high vascularization controlled by a potent vasomotor apparatus, may transmit temperature changes to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment. Temperature gradients of the CSF may in turn influence the temperature of brain parenchyma (1) directly, along the extensive contact area between the cerebrocortical surface and the CSF-compartment, or (2) indirectly, via brain arteries that extend over long distances and arborize within the subarachnoid space before entering the pial vascular network and brain parenchyma. Numerous subarachnoid and pial arterial branches exposed to the CSF have diameters in the range of the vessels of the retia mirabilia of animals in which selective brain cooling has been clearly established experimentally. It is also shown that the arrangements of venous plexuses within the vertebral canal provide anatomical preconditions for a cooling of the spinal cord via the CSF. The possibility of spinal cord and spinal ganglia cooling by temperature convection via venous blood--cooled in the venous networks of the skin of the back--flowing through numerous anastomoses to the external and internal vertebral plexuses and, finally, into the vascular bed of the spinal dura is discussed on the basis of anatomical facts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.