Evidence map›Paper›PMID 8826538›Full record

ArticlePsychopharmacology1996

The biological, social and clinical bases of drug addiction: commentary and debate.

J Altman, B J Everitt, S Glautier, A Markou, D Nutt, R Oretti, G D Phillips, T W Robbins

Abstract readComparative StudyConference Proceedings
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychopharmacology, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Treatment for amphetamine psychosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2009
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. A comparison of attentional bias towards drug cues in addicts and non-addicts.International journal of high risk behaviors & addiction · 2014
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Distinct contributions of dopamine in the dorsolateral striatum and nucleus accumbens shell to the reinforcing properties of cocaine.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2012
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Introduction. The neurobiology of drug addiction: new vistas.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2008
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Adult neurogenesis and the memories of drug addiction.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2007
    Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

J AltmanDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK.
B J Everitt
S Glautier
A Markou
D Nutt
R Oretti
G D Phillips
T W Robbins

Funding

Medical Research Council G9537855
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article summarizes the main discussions at a meeting on the biological, social and clinical bases of drug addiction focused on contemporary topics in drug dependence. Four main domains are surveyed, reflecting the structure of the meeting: psychological and pharmacological factors; neurobiological substrates; risk factors (including a consideration of vulnerability from an environmental and genetic perspective); and clinical treatment. Among the topics discussed were tolerance, sensitization, withdrawal, craving and relapse; mechanisms of reinforcing actions of drugs at the behavioural, cognitive and neural levels; the role of subjective factors in drug dependence; approaches to the behavioural and molecular genetics of drug dependence; the use of functional neuroimaging; pharmaceutical and psychosocial strategies for treatment; epidemiological and sociological aspects of drug dependence. The survey takes into account the considerable disagreements and controversies arising from the discussions, but also reaches a degree of consensus in certain areas.

Indexed as

EthanolNarcoticsNicotineBrainDrug ToleranceHumansRisk FactorsSubstance-Related DisordersSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeEthanolNarcoticsNicotine

Identifiers

PMID8826538

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.