ArticleMolecular & general genetics : MGG1996
Identification of mutations in the housefly para-type sodium channel gene associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides.
Article in Molecular & general genetics : MGG, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers.
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127 citing papers in PubMed, 556 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mutations M918T, M918L, and L1014F impair pyrethroid binding and alter gating of the Megalurothrips usitatus sodium channel.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Exploring and Mitigating Insecticide Resistance in Urban Pests with New Synergists and Insecticides.Insects · 2026Review
- Synthetic pyrethroid resistance in Haematobia irritans subsp. exigua (Diptera: Muscidae): knockdown-recovery observed, a new putative resistance-linked mutation detected, and a complete voltage-gated sodium channel gene transcript sequenced.Journal of economic entomology · 2026Article
- Soft Selective Sweeps Predominate in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Evaluation of late-season Varroa destructor treatments and their impact on amitraz resistant mite populations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Whole-Genome Resequencing of the VGSC Reveals the Evolutionary Mechanism of Pesticide Resistance inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Short-term actions of epigalocatechin-3-gallate in the liver: a mechanistic insight into hypoglycemic and potential toxic effects.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Whole-genome sequencing reveals novel ryanodine receptor mutations P4568L and Y4701D conferring high-level chlorantraniliprole resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).Pest management science · 2026Article
- Emergence of multidrug-resistant Haemaphysalis longicornis populations in China.Experimental & applied acarology · 2025Article
- Bulk Segregant Analysis Reveals Genomic Regions Associated With Imidacloprid Resistance in the Colorado Potato Beetle.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti: genetic mechanisms worldwide, and recommendations for effective vector control.Parasites & vectors · 2025Review
- Signatures of soft selective sweeps predominate in the yellow fever mosquitobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Molecular markers of reduced behavioral sensitivity to transfluthrin in Anopheles gambiae s.s. from Western Kenya.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Investigating the molecular mechanisms of deltamethrin resistance in Musca domestica populations from Saudi Arabia.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Article
- Copy number variants underlie major selective sweeps in insecticide resistance genes in Anopheles arabiensis.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- A unique mechanism of transfluthrin action revealed by mapping its binding sites in the mosquito sodium channel.Insect biochemistry and molecular biology · 2024Article
- Discovery of Knock-Down Resistance in the Major African Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus.Molecular ecology · 2024Article
- Epidemiological analysis of pediculosis and the distribution of kdr mutation frequency in head lice populations in Torbat Heydarieh city of Khorasan Razavi Province, Northeastern Iran.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- V1848I Mutation in the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Confers High-Level Resistance to Indoxacarb and Metaflumizone inInsects · 2024Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We report the isolation of cDNA clones containing the full 6.3-kb coding sequence of the para-type sodium channel gene of the housefly, Musca domestica. This gene has been implicated as the site of knockdown resistance (kdr), an important resistance mechanism that confers nerve insensitivity to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. The cDNAs predict a polypeptide of 2108 amino acids with close sequence homology (92% identity) to the Drosophila para sodium channel, and around 50% homology to vertebrate sodium channels, Only one major splice form of the housefly sodium channel was detected, in contrast to the Drosophila para transcript which has been reported to undergo extensive alternative splicing. Comparative sequence analysis of housefly strains carrying kdr or the more potent super-kdr factor revealed two amino acid mutations that correlate with these resistance phenotypes. Both mutations are located in domain II of the sodium channel. A leucine to phenylalanine replacement in the hydro-phobic IIS6 transmembrane segment was found in two independent kdr strains and six super-kdr strains of diverse geographic origin, while an additional methionine to threonine replacement within the intracellular IIS4-S5 loop was found only in the super-kdr strains. Neither mutation was present in five pyrethroid-sensitive strains. The mutations suggest a binding site for pyrethroids at the intracellular mouth of the channel pore in a region known to be important for channel inactivation.
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