ReviewMicrobiological reviews1996
Bacterial modulins: a novel class of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis.
Review in Microbiological reviews, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 379 citations in OpenAlex.
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- 3D Organoids for Regenerative Endodontics.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Capsule formation around breast implants.JPRAS open · 2022Article
- Hyperresponsiveness of human gingival fibroblasts from patients with aggressive periodontitis against bacterial lipopolysaccharide.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- The Effect of a Unique Region of Parvovirus B19 Capsid Protein VP1 on Endothelial Cells.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Review
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- Endotoxin Contributes to Artificial Loosening of Prostheses Induced by Titanium Particles.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2018Article
- Targeting CREB-binding protein overrides LPS induced radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA: Pathogen-specific immune response and changes in the blood-milk barrier of the bovine mammary gland.Journal of animal science · 2017Review
- The Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Structure of EPCP1-2 from Crypthecodinium cohnii via Modulation of TLR4-NF-κB Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells.Marine drugs · 2017Article
- Antivirals against animal viruses.Biochemical pharmacology · 2017Review
- Virulence factors associated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and their role in promoting periodontal diseases.Virulence · 2017Article
- Dietary Administration ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokines are a diverse group of proteins and glycoproteins which have potent and wide-ranging effects on eukaryotic cell function and are now recognized as important mediators of tissue pathology in infectious diseases. It is increasingly recognized that for many bacterial species, cytokine induction is a major virulence mechanism. Until recent years, the only bacterial component known to stimulate cytokine synthesis was lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It is only within the past decade that it has been clearly shown that many components associated with the bacterial cell wall, including proteins, glycoproteins, lipoproteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, have the capacity to stimulate mammalian cells to produce a diverse array of cytokines. It has been established that many of these cytokine-inducing molecules act by mechanisms distinct from that of LPS, and thus their activities are not due to LPS contamination. Bacteria produce a wide range of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology, and these diverse factors have been grouped into four families: adhesins, aggressins, impedins, and invasins. We suggest that the array of bacterial cytokine-inducing molecules represents a new class of bacterial virulence factor, and, by analogy with the known virulence families, we suggest the term "modulin" to describe these molecules, because the action of cytokines is to modulate eukaryotic cell behavior. This review summarizes our current understanding of cytokine biology in relation to tissue homeostasis and disease and concisely reviews the current literature on the cytokine-inducing molecules produced by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, with an emphasis on the cellular mechanisms responsible for cytokine induction. We propose that modulins, by controlling the host immune and inflammatory responses, maintain the large commensal flora that all multicellular organisms support.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.