ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1996
Operant conditioning of H-reflex changes synaptic terminals on primate motoneurons.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship Between Spinal Reflexes and Spastic Movement Disorders.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America · 2026Review
- Motor learning changes the axon initial segment of the spinal motoneuron.The Journal of physiology · 2024Article
- Operant down-conditioning of the soleus H-reflex in people after stroke.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2022Article
- Control of Mammalian Locomotion by Somatosensory Feedback.Comprehensive Physiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Age-Related Changes in Pre- and Postsynaptic Partners of the Cholinergic C-Boutons in Wild-Type and SOD1G93A Lumbar Motoneurons.PloS one · 2015Article
- Behavior analysis and behavioral neuroscience.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2015Article
- Operant conditioning of spinal reflexes: from basic science to clinical therapy.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2014Review
- Cortical stimulation causes long-term changes in H-reflexes and spinal motoneuron GABA receptors.Journal of neurophysiology · 2012Article
- Activity-dependent plasticity of spinal circuits in the developing and mature spinal cord.Neural plasticity · 2012Review
- Reflex conditioning: a new strategy for improving motor function after spinal cord injury.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2010Review
- Serotonergic innervation of the caudal spinal stump in rats after complete spinal transection: effect of olfactory ensheathing glia.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2009Article
- H-reflex down-conditioning greatly increases the number of identifiable GABAergic interneurons in rat ventral horn.Neuroscience letters · 2009Article
- Effects of H-reflex up-conditioning on GABAergic terminals on rat soleus motoneurons.The European journal of neuroscience · 2008Article
- Use-dependent modulation of inhibitory capacity in the feline lumbar spinal cord.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2002Article
- In vitro analog of operant conditioning in aplysia. I. Contingent reinforcement modifies the functional dynamics of an identified neuron.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 1999Article
- Neural changes after operant conditioning of the aerial respiratory behavior in Lymnaea stagnalis.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 1999Article
- Contingent-dependent enhancement of rhythmic motor patterns: an in vitro analog of operant conditioning.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 1997Article
- Reversal of H-reflex operant conditioning in the rat.Experimental brain research · 1996Article
- The cerebellum in maintenance of a motor skill: a hierarchy of brain and spinal cord plasticity underlies H-reflex conditioning.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Operant conditioning of the primate triceps surae H-reflex, the electrical analog of the spinal stretch reflex, creates a memory trace that includes changes in the spinal cord. To define the morphological correlates of this plasticity, we analyzed the synaptic terminal coverage of triceps surae motoneurons from animals in which the triceps surae H-reflex in one leg had been increased (HRup mode) or decreased (HRdown mode) by conditioning and compared them to each other and to motoneurons from unconditioned animals. Motoneurons were labeled by intramuscular injection of cholera toxin-horseradish peroxidase. A total of 5055 terminals on the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of 114 motoneurons from 14 animals were studied by electron microscopy. Significant differences were found between HRup and HRdown animals and between HRup and naive (i.e., unconditioned) animals. F terminals (i.e., putative inhibitory terminals) were smaller and their active zone coverage on the cell body was lower on motoneurons from the conditioned side of HRup animals than on motoneurons from the conditioned side of HRdown animals. C terminals (i.e., terminals associated with postsynaptic cisterns and rough endoplasmic reticulum) were smaller and the number of C terminals in each C complex (i.e., a group of contiguous C terminals) was larger on motoneurons from the conditioned side of HRup animals than on motoneurons either from the conditioned side of HRdown animals or from naive animals. Because the treatment of HRup and HRdown animals differed only in the reward contingency, the results imply that the two contingencies had different effects on motoneuron synaptic terminals. In combination with other recent data, they show that H-reflex conditioning produces a complex pattern of spinal cord plasticity that includes changes in motoneuron physiological properties as well as in synaptic terminals. Further delineation of this pattern should reveal the contribution of the structural changes described here to the learned change in behavior.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.