ArticleJournal of virology1996
Role of the DIS hairpin in replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Article in Journal of virology, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers.
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Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
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- HIV-1 RNA genome packaging: it's G-rated.mBio · 2024Review
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- Effect of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta-associated G15U mutation on the s2m element dimerization and its interactions with miR-1307-3p.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
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- Human Retrovirus Genomic RNA Packaging.Viruses · 2022Review
- Global mapping of RNA homodimers in living cells.Genome research · 2022Article
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- A novel role for gag as a cis-acting element regulating RNA structure, dimerization and packaging in HIV-1 lentiviral vectors.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- B-CePs as cross-linking probes for the investigation of RNA higher-order structure.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Visualizing Rous Sarcoma Virus Genomic RNA Dimerization in the Nucleus, Cytoplasm, and at the Plasma Membrane.Viruses · 2021Article
- A purine loop and the primer binding site are critical for the selective encapsidation of mouse mammary tumor virus genomic RNA by Pr77Gag.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Development of a Novel Competitive qRT-PCR Assay to Measure Relative Lentiviral Packaging Efficiency.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2020Article
- Unpaired Guanosines in the 5' Untranslated Region of HIV-1 RNA Act Synergistically To Mediate Genome Packaging.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Role of Purine-Rich Regions in Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus (MPMV) Genomic RNA Packaging and Propagation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Intrinsic conformational dynamics of the HIV-1 genomic RNA 5'UTR.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The virion-associated genome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 consists of a noncovalently linked dimer of two identical, unspliced RNA molecules. A hairpin structure within the untranslated leader transcript is postulated to play a role in RNA dimerization through base pairing of the autocomplementary loop sequences. This hairpin motif with the palindromic loop sequence is referred to as the dimer initiation site (DIS), and the type of interaction is termed loop-loop kissing. Detailed phylogenetic analysis of the DIS motifs in different human and simian immunodeficiency viruses revealed conservation of the hairpin structure with a 6-mer palindrome in the loop, despite considerable sequence divergence. This finding supports the loop-loop kissing mechanism. To test this possibility, proviral genomes with mutations in the DIS palindrome were constructed. The appearance of infectious virus upon transfection into SupT1 T cells was delayed for the DIS mutants compared with that obtained by transfection of the wild-type provirus (pLAI), confirming that this RNA motif plays an important role in virus replication. Surprisingly, the RNA genome extracted from mutant virions was found to be fully dimeric and to have a normal thermal stability. These results indicate that the DIS motif is not essential for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA dimerization and suggest that DIS base pairing does not contribute to the stability of the mature RNA dimer. Instead, we measured a reduction in the amount of viral RNA encapsidated in the mutant virions, suggesting a role of the DIS motif in RNA packaging. This result correlates with the idea that the processes of RNA dimerization and packaging are intrinsically linked, and we propose that DIS pairing is a prerequisite for RNA packaging.
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