ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1996
Primordial emergence of the recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1): sequence of the complete shark gene indicates homology to microbial integrases.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking the origins and functions of adaptive immunity.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- Evolutionary insights and structural characterization guide the development of RAG1/RAG2-deficient swine models for immunological research.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Discovery of an unconventional lamprey lymphocyte lineage highlights divergent features in vertebrate adaptive immune system evolution.Nature communications · 2024Article
- T-Cell Receptor Sequences Identify Combined Coxsackievirus-International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Genomic view of the origins of cell-mediated immunity.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
- Article
- 'Cannibalism' of exogenous DNA sequences: The ancestral form of adaptive immunity which entails recognition of danger.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Guardian of the Genome: An Alternative RAG/Transib Co-Evolution Hypothesis for the Origin of V(D)J Recombination.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Ancient Use of Ig Variable Domains Contributes Significantly to the TCRδ Repertoire.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- The Innate Antiviral Response in Animals: An Evolutionary Perspective from Flagellates to Humans.Viruses · 2019Review
- Fish Immunoglobulins.Biology · 2016Review
- Recombination-activating gene 1 and 2 (RAG1 and RAG2) in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).Journal of biosciences · 2014Article
- Re-evaluation of the immunological Big Bang.Current biology : CB · 2014Review
- PGBD5: a neural-specific intron-containing piggyBac transposase domesticated over 500 million years ago and conserved from cephalochordates to humans.Mobile DNA · 2013Article
- Appraisal of microbial evolution to commensalism and pathogenicity in humans.Clinical medicine insights. Gastroenterology · 2013Review
- Horizontal gene transfers with or without cell fusions in all categories of the living matter.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2011Review
- Evolution of adaptive immune recognition in jawless vertebrates.Seminars in immunology · 2010Review
- The origins of the Rag genes--from transposition to V(D)J recombination.Seminars in immunology · 2010Review
- Natural killer cells remember: an evolutionary bridge between innate and adaptive immunity?European journal of immunology · 2009Review
- A zinc site in the C-terminal domain of RAG1 is essential for DNA cleavage activity.Journal of molecular biology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rearrangement of antibody and T-cell receptor gene segments is indispensable to the vertebrate immune response. All extant jawed vertebrates can rearrange these gene segments. This ability is conferred by the recombination activating genes I and II (RAG I and RAG II). To elucidate their origin and function, the cDNA encoding RAG I from a member of the most ancient class of extant gnathostomes, the Carcharhine sharks, was characterized. Homology domains identified within shark RAG I prompted sequence comparison analyses that suggested similarity of the RAG I and II genes, respectively, to the integrase family genes and integration host factor genes of the bacterial site-specific recombination system. Thus, the apparent explosive evolution (or "big bang") of the ancestral immune system may have been initiated by a transfer of microbial site-specific recombinases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.