ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1996
A dynamic assembly of diverse transcription factors integrates activation and cell-type information for interleukin 2 gene regulation.
Review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade Enhances IL-2 and CD107a Production from HIV-Specific T Cells Ex Vivo in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Logic and lineage impacts on functional transcription factor deployment for T-cell fate commitment.Biophysical journal · 2021Review
- SLFN2 protection of tRNAs from stress-induced cleavage is essential for T cell-mediated immunity.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Fetal exposure to oncoantigen elicited antigen-specific adaptive immunity against tumorigenesis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- Encounters across networks: Windows into principles of genomic regulation.Marine genomics · 2019Article
- Aberrant T Cell Signaling and Subsets in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- IL-2 imprints human naive B cell fate towards plasma cell through ERK/ELK1-mediated BACH2 repression.Nature communications · 2017Article
- IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb immunocomplexes: A renascence of IL-2 in cancer immunotherapy?Oncoimmunology · 2016Review
- Long-Range Transcriptional Control of the Il2 Gene by an Intergenic Enhancer.Molecular and cellular biology · 2015Article
- Transmembrane TNF-TNFR2 Impairs Th17 Differentiation by Promoting Il2 Expression.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Notch signaling regulates antigen sensitivity of naive CD4+ T cells by tuning co-stimulation.Immunity · 2015Article
- Immune Cell Identity: Perspective from a Palimpsest.Perspectives in biology and medicine · 2015Article
- Clausmarin A, Potential Immunosuppressant Revealed by Yeast-Based Assay and Interleukin-2 Production Assay in Jurkat T Cells.PloS one · 2015Article
- Activation of silenced cytokine gene promoters by the synergistic effect of TBP-TALE and VP64-TALE activators.PloS one · 2014Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms and developmental choice hierarchies in T-lymphocyte development.Briefings in functional genomics · 2013Review
- Stable IL-2 decision making by endogenous c-Fos amounts in peripheral memory T-helper cells.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- T-cell identity and epigenetic memory.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene is subject to two types of regulation: its expression is T-lymphocyte-specific and it is acutely dependent on specific activation signals. The IL-2 transcriptional apparatus integrates multiple types of biochemical information in determining whether or not the gene will be expressed, using multiple diverse transcription factors that are each optimally activated or inhibited by different signaling pathways. When activation of one or two of these factors is blocked IL-2 expression is completely inhibited. The inability of the other, unaffected factors to work is explained by the striking finding that none of the factors interacts stably with its target site in the IL-2 enhancer unless all the factors are present. Coordinate occupancy of all the sites in the minimal enhancer is apparently maintained by continuous assembly and disassembly cycles that respond to the instantaneous levels of each factor in the nuclear compartment. In addition, the minimal enhancer undergoes specific increases in DNase I accessibility, consistent with dramatic changes in chromatin structure upon activation. Still to be resolved is what interaction(s) conveys T-lineage specificity. In the absence of activating signals, the minimal IL-2 enhancer region in mature T cells is apparently unoccupied, exactly as in non-T lineage cells. However, in a conserved but poorly studied upstream region, we have now mapped several novel sites of DNase I hypersensitivity in vivo that constitutively distinguish IL-2 producer type T cells from cell types that cannot express IL-2. Thus a distinct domain of the IL-2 regulatory sequence may contain sites for competence- or lineage-marking protein contacts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.