Evidence map›Paper›PMID 8789984›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1996

A prescribing incentive scheme for non-fundholding general practices: an observational study.

D N Bateman, M Campbell, L J Donaldson, S J Roberts, J M Smith

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Good prescribing: better systems and prescribers needed.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2010
    Article
  5. Physician compensation from salary and quality of diabetes care.Journal of general internal medicine · 2007
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Do GPs working in practice with high or low prescribing costs have different views on prescribing cost issues?The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2000
    Article
  8. Funding Canada's health care system: a tax-based alternative to privatization.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 1998
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Poles apart? The views of general practitioners and family health services authority advisers on prescribing cost issues.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1997
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

D N BatemanRegional Drug and Therapeutics Centre, Wolfson Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne.
M Campbell
L J Donaldson
S J Roberts
J M Smith

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the effects of a financial incentive scheme on prescribing in non-fundholding general practices.

designObservational study.

settingNon-fundholding general practices in former Northern region in 1993-4.

interventionTarget savings were set for each group of practices; those that achieved them were paid a portion of the savings.

main outcome measuresFinancial performance; prescribing patterns in major therapeutic groups and some specific therapeutic areas; rates of generic prescribing; and performance against a measure of prescribing quality. SUBJECTS: 459 non-fundholding general practices, grouped into three bands according to the ratio of their indicative prescribing amount to the local average (band A > or = 10% above average, B between average and 10% above, C below average).

results102 (23%) of 442 practices achieved their target savings (18%, 19%, and 27% of bands A, B, and C respectively). Band C practices that achieved their target had a lower per capita prescribing frequency for gastrointestinal drugs, inhaled steroids, antidepressants, and hormone replacement therapy. There were no other significant differences in prescribing frequency, and no reduction in the quality of prescribing in achieving practices. Total savings of pounds 1.54 m on indicative prescribing amounts were achieved. Payments from the incentive scheme and discretionary quality awards resulted in pounds 463,000 being returned to practices for investment in primary care.

conclusionsThe prescribing behaviour of non-fundholding general practitioners responded to financial incentives in a similar way to that of fundholding practitioners. The incentive scheme did not seem to reduce the quality of prescribing.

Indexed as

Physician Incentive PlansPractice Patterns, Physicians'BudgetsDrug CostsDrug PrescriptionsFamily PracticeHumansReimbursement, IncentiveState MedicineUnited Kingdom

Identifiers

PMID8789984
PMCPMC2351914

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.