ArticleBiophysical journal1996
Hindered diffusion in agarose gels: test of effective medium model.
Article in Biophysical journal, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 325 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Cytoplasmic crowding acts as a porous medium reducing macromolecule diffusion.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A novel agarose-free, standardized generation and versatile ECM characterization of decellularized scaffolds from normal and fibrotic human lung tissue.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Regenerative Cartilage Constructs with Directional Ionically Derived Stiffness Gradients.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Precision design of dextran-permeated agarose hydrogels matching adipose stem cell adhesion timescales.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Transient Gel Diffusiophoresis of a Spherical Colloidal Particle.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Electrochemical Diffusion Study in Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethacrylate-Based Hydrogels.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Programming viscoelastic properties in a complexation gel composite by utilizing entropy-driven topologically frustrated dynamical state.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A microfluidic chip for sustained oxygen gradient formation in the intestineLab on a chip · 2024Article
- Computational fluid dynamics modeling of aerosol particle transport through lung airway mucosa.Computers & chemical engineering · 2023Article
- Hydrogel drug delivery systems for minimally invasive local immunotherapy of cancer.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Longitudinal diffusion barriers imposed by myofilaments and mitochondria in murine cardiac myocytes.The Journal of general physiology · 2023Article
- Effects of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Crowding on Translational Diffusion of Rigid Bovine Serum Albumin and Disordered Alfa-Casein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Single-Entity Electrochemistry in the Agarose Hydrogel: Observation of Enhanced Signal Uniformity and Signal-to-Noise Ratio.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Self-regulation of the nuclear pore complex enables clogging-free crowded transport.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Pore-like diffusion barriers in murine cardiac myocytes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Translational Applications of Hydrogels.Chemical reviews · 2021Review
- Channel-length dependence of particle diffusivity in confinement.Soft matter · 2021Article
- Diffusion of Protein Molecules through Microporous Nanofibrous Polyacrylonitrile Membranes.ACS applied polymer materials · 2021Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The diffusivities of uncharged macromolecules in gels (D) are typically lower than in free solution (D infinity), because of a combination of hydrodynamic and steric factors. To examine these factors, we measured D and D infinity for dilute solutions of several fluorescein-labeled macromolecules, using an image-based fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique. Test macromolecules with Stokes-Einstein radii (rs) of 2.1-6.2 nm, including three globular proteins (bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, lactalbumin) and four narrow fractions of Ficoll, were studied in agarose gels with agarose volume fractions (phi) of 0.038-0.073. The gels were characterized by measuring the hydraulic permeability of supported agarose membranes, allowing calculation of the Darcy permeability (kappa) for each gel sample. It was found that kappa, which is a measure of the intrinsic hydraulic conductance of the gel, decreased by an order of magnitude as phi was increased over the range indicated. The diffusivity ratio D/D infinity, which varied from 0.20 to 0.63, decreased with increases in rs or phi. Thus as expected, diffusional hindrances were the most severe for large macromolecules and/or relatively concentrated gels. According to a recently proposed theory for hindered diffusion through fibrous media, the diffusivity ratio is given by the product of a hydrodynamic factor (F) and a steric factor (S). The functional form is D/D infinity = F(rs/k1/2) S(f), where f = [(rs+rf)/rf]2 phi and rf is the fiber radius. Values of D/D infinity calculated from this effective medium theory, without use of adjustable parameters, were in much better agreement with the measured values than were predictions based on other approaches. The strengths and limitations of the effective medium theory for predicting diffusivities in gels are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.