ArticleOccupational and environmental medicine1996
Shift work, nitrous oxide exposure, and spontaneous abortion among Swedish midwives.
Article in Occupational and environmental medicine, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occupational exposure to inhalational anesthetics and the risk of spontaneous abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Pregnancy, obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women exposed to physician-related occupational hazards: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Miscarriage and occupational activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding shift work, working hours, lifting, standing, and physical workload.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2013Pooled it
- Inhaled analgesia for pain management in labour.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Prenatal developmental toxicity of nitrous oxide: results of a GLP-compliant OECD TG 414 study in rats and implications for hazard classification.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Impact of night shift work on women's fertility, pregnancy and menopause.Frontiers in sleep · 2025Review
- Preconception sleep duration, non-daytime work schedules, and incidence of spontaneous abortion: a prospective cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Articles on Midwifery Based on the Web of Science.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Article
- Vaginal Birth at Term - Part 1. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S3-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/083, December 2020).Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2022Article
- Nitrous oxide-induced reproductive risks: Should recreational nitrous oxide users worry?Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Shiftwork and Light at Night Negatively Impact Molecular and Endocrine Timekeeping in the Female Reproductive Axis in Humans and Rodents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Endogenous Circadian Regulation of Female Reproductive Hormones.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Article
- A Multi-Oscillatory Circadian System Times Female Reproduction.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2015Review
- Assessment of time to pregnancy and spontaneous abortion status following occupational exposure to organic solvents mixture.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2012Article
- Shift work: health, performance and safety problems, traditional countermeasures, and innovative management strategies to reduce circadian misalignment.Nature and science of sleep · 2012Article
- Effect of rotating shift work on childbearing and birth weight: a study of women working in a semiconductor manufacturing factory.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2011Article
- Regulation of estrogen receptor beta activity and implications in health and disease.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2009Review
- Occupational exposure to inhaled anesthetic. Is it a concern for pregnant women?Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2000Article
- Influence of Sleep on Fertility in Women.American journal of lifestyle medicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo study the relation between irregular work hours, nitrous oxide (N2O) exposure, and the risk of spontaneous abortion.
methodsAll 3985 female members of the Swedish Midwives Association in 1989, born in 1940 or later, received a questionnaire on exposure before and during all of their pregnancies. Questions on work conditions covered occupation, extent of employment, workplace, work schedules, use of anaesthetics, and work load. The association between exposure variables and spontaneous abortion was analysed by logistic regression models.
resultsNight work and three shift schedules among midwives showed increased odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (95% CI)) 1.63 (0.95-2.81) and 1.49 (0.86-2.59), respectively. The ORs of late spontaneous abortions (after the 12th week of pregnancy) was increased for night work 3.33 (1.13-9.87). Use of N2O (> 50% of the deliveries) was not associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion OR 0.95 (0.62-1.47). Frequent or permanent shortage of staff was related to an increased risk of spontaneous abortions before the 13th week of pregnancy.
conclusionsThe results support the hypothesis that night work and high work load increase the risk of spontaneous abortion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.