ArticleInfection and immunity1996
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: involvement in control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards a map of the immune system manipulation network byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- GM-CSFCell reports · 2022Article
- Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Enhance a Trans-Sialidase-Based Vaccine AgainstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- The Pleiotropic Effects of the GM-CSF Rheostat on Myeloid Cell Differentiation and Function: More Than a Numbers Game.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Cytokine production but lack of proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic Chagas' disease cardiomyopathy patients in response to T. cruzi ribosomal P proteins.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- Acute heart inflammation: ultrastructural and functional aspects of macrophages elicited by Trypanosoma cruzi infection.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2009Review
- Contribution of NK, NK T, gamma delta T, and alpha beta T cells to the gamma interferon response required for liver protection against Trypanosoma cruzi.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
- Dendritic cells overexpressing Fas-ligand induce pulmonary vasculitis in mice.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2004Article
- Transgenic mice showing inflammation-inducible overexpression of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology · 2004Article
- Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-deficient mice have impaired resistance to blood-stage malaria.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Influence of acute-phase parasite load on pathology, parasitism, and activation of the immune system at the late chronic phase of Chagas' disease.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
- IL-10 up-regulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages: improved control of Trypanosoma cruzi infection.Clinical and experimental immunology · 1998Article
- Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha on Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes.Infection and immunity · 1998Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several cytokines play crucial roles in Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice, but the involvement of endogenous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is poorly documented. This report shows that T. cruzi infection of mice triggered an early and sharp increase in plasma GM-CSF during the ascending phase of parasitemia. The plasma GM-CSF concentration remained stable at the peak of parasitemia and subsequently increased in those mice that survived to the acute phase. GM-CSF level increased again sharply, while parasitemia was rapidly decreasing. Finally, GM-CSF was undetectable, soon after the disappearance of circulating parasites. Injection of T. cruzi-infected mice with neutralizing anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibodies induced the early appearance of parasitemia and aggravated cumulative mortality. In contrast, recombinant mouse GM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) caused sharp decreases in both parasitemia and cumulative mortality in T. cruzi-infected mice. Peritoneal macrophages from rmGM-CSF-treated and infected or uninfected mice were less infected ex vivo than those from control mice. Taken together these data demonstrate the protective action of endogenous GM-CSF in T. cruzi infection. Neutralization of endogenous GM-CSF aggravates infection, while exogenous rmGM-CSF decreases both parasitemia and host mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.