ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1996
Phytosulfokine, sulfated peptides that induce the proliferation of single mesophyll cells of Asparagus officinalis L.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 172 papers.
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Who cites it
172 citing papers in PubMed, 505 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plant peptide hormones: three decades of discovery and emerging paradigms.Plant physiology · 2026Review
- The Sulfated PSY Peptide Negatively Regulates Receptor Kinase Activity to Promote Growth.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insights into PSK-α-Mediated Regulation of Diosgenin Biosynthesis inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Processing and release of the maize phytocytokine Zip1.Plant physiology · 2026Article
- Plant Peptides on the Rise: From Historical Insight to Future Applications.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Processing and release of endogenous immunogenic peptide signals.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Plant cell wall remodeling and peptide signaling under abiotic and biotic stress.Plant communications · 2026Review
- Plant-parasitic nematodes produce functional mimics of plant PSK peptides to facilitate parasitism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Evolutionary and Transcriptomic Analyses of the Plant TPST-Sulfated Peptides System, with Insights from WoodyPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Several plant self-incompatibility systems may be controlled by atypical receptor-ligand interactions.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Plant subtilases as key initiators of peptide ligand-receptor signaling.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Epigenetic memory and systemic priming: an emerging framework for cold-resilient crops.Plant cell reports · 2026Review
- Characterization of phytosulfokine peptide family in cotton and its role in cold stress response.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Phytosulfokine signalling blocks mycotoxin toxicity in Arabidopsis and mediates suppression of cell death activated by bacterial microbe-associated molecular patterns.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Identification ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular mimicry and trafficking of peptide effectors in sedentary nematodes: emerging drivers of feeding site formation and host signaling hijack.Crop health · 2026Review
- Graft compatibility emerges from the balance between regeneration and immunity: lessons from plant-plant interactions.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Peptides: powerful, pervasive, and full of potential.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Article
- Evidence for Early Evolution of Sulfated Peptide Signaling in Plant Development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Large-scale transcriptome mining enables macrocyclic diversification and improved bioactivity of the stephanotic acid scaffold.Nature communications · 2025Article
112 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proliferation of dispersed plant cells in culture is strictly dependent on cell density, and cells in a low-density culture can only grow in the presence of conditioned medium (CM). No known plant hormones have been able to substitute for CM. To quantify the mitogenic activity of CM, we examined conditions for the assay system using mechanically dispersed mesophyll cells of Asparagus officinalis L. and established a highly sensitive bioassay method. By use of this method, the mitogenic activity of CM prepared from asparagus cells was characterized: it was heat-stable, susceptible to pronase digestion, and resistant to glycosidase treatment. On the basis of these results, the mitogenic activity in CM was purified 10(7)-fold by column chromatography, and two factors named phytosulfokine-alpha and -beta (PSK-alpha and PSK-beta) were obtained. By amino acid sequence analysis and mass spectrometry, the structures of these two factors were determined to be sulfated pentapeptide (H-Tyr(SO3H)-Ile-Tyr(SO3H)-Thr-Gln-OH) and sulfated tetrapeptide (H-Tyr(SO3H)-Ile-Tyr(SO3H)-Thr-OH). PSK-alpha and PSK-beta were prepared by chemical synthesis and enzymatic sulfation. The synthetic peptides exhibited the same activity as the natural factors, confirming the structure for PSK-alpha and PSK-beta mentioned above. This is the first elucidation of the structure of a conditioned medium factor required for the growth of low-density plant cell cultures.
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