ArticleInfection and immunity1996
T lymphocytes in the murine vaginal mucosa are phenotypically distinct from those in the periphery.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Vaginal Acquisition and Dissemination of HIV-1 Infection in a Novel Transgenic Mouse Model Is Facilitated by Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus 2 and Is Inhibited by Microbicide Treatment.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Transcriptomic analysis of vulvovaginal candidiasis identifies a role for the NLRP3 inflammasome.mBio · 2015Article
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- Cytokines in the host response to Candida vaginitis: Identifying a role for non-classical immune mediators, S100 alarmins.Cytokine · 2012Review
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- Article
- Local expression of vaginal Th1 and Th2 cytokines in murine vaginal candidiasis under different immunity conditions.Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban · 2008Article
- Local Th1/Th2 cytokine expression in experimental murine vaginal candidiasis.Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban · 2008Article
- Candidiasis--do we need to fight or to tolerate the Candida fungus?Folia microbiologica · 2007Review
- Characterization of CD8+ T cells and microenvironment in oral lesions of human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons with oropharyngeal candidiasis.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Susceptibility to vaginal candidiasis under different conditions in mice.Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban · 2005Article
- Immunopathogenesis of oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2004Review
- Immune Regulation and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Candida Vaginitis.Current infectious disease reports · 2003Article
- Vaginal T lymphocyte population kinetics during experimental vaginal candidosis: evidence for a possible role of CD8+ T cells in protection against vaginal candidosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2003Article
- Immune cell-mediated protection against vaginal candidiasis: evidence for a major role of vaginal CD4(+) T cells and possible participation of other local lymphocyte effectors.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Resistance of T-cell receptor delta-chain-deficient mice to experimental Candida albicans vaginitis.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Cell adhesion molecule and lymphocyte activation marker expression during experimental vaginal candidiasis.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Article
- Local production of chemokines during experimental vaginal candidiasis.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
- Nasal immunization of mice with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) virus-like particles or with the HPV-16 L1 gene elicits specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vaginal draining lymph nodes.Journal of virology · 1999Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The results from both clinical studies of women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and a murine model of experimental vaginitis indicate that systemic cell-mediated immunity may not represent a dominant host defense mechanism against vaginal infections by Candida albicans. Recent experimental evidence indicates the presence of local vaginal immune reactivity against C. albicans. The present study was designed to examine T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the vaginal mucosae of naive CBA/J mice. Vaginal lymphocytes (VL) were isolated by collagenase digestion of whole vaginal tissues. Cell populations were identified by flow cytometry, and the results were compared with those for both lymph node cells (LNC) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The results of flow cytometry showed that 45% +/- 10% of lymphocytes in the vaginal mucosa are CD3+ compared with 75% +/- 5% in LNC and 50% +/- 5% in PBL. The majority (85%) of CD3+ VL are CD4+ and express the alpha/beta T-cell receptor (TCR), similar to the results for LNC and PBL. In contrast to LNC and PBL, VL contain a significantly higher percentage (15 to 20%) of gamma/delta TCR+ cells, 80% or more of which appear to express CD4. In addition, while CD4-CD8 cell ratios in LNC and PBL were 3:1 and 6:1, respectively, only 1% of VL expressed CD8, resulting in a CD4-CD8 cell ratio of > 100:1. Finally, while LNC and PBL recognized two epitope-distinct (GK 1.5 and 2B6) anti-CD4 antibodies, VL recognized only 2B6 anti-CD4 antibodies. Further analysis of VL showed that Thy-1 cells, but not CD4 cells, were reduced after intravaginal injection of complement-fixing anti-Thy-1.2 and GK 1.5 anti-CD4 antibodies, respectively. Taken together, these data suggest that T lymphocytes in the vaginal mucosae of mice are phenotypically distinct from those in the periphery and that CD4+ VL have an uncharacteristic or atypical expression of the CD4 receptor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.