ArticleThe American journal of pathology1996
Evidence for a local immune response in atherosclerosis. CD4+ T cells infiltrate lesions of apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 249 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Cytokines (or Activating Factors) on Arterial Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cytokine Profiling of Plasma and Atherosclerotic Plaques in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Atherosclerosis from Newborn to Adult-Epidemiology, Pathological Aspects, and Risk Factors.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Circulating Regulatory B-Lymphocytes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Increased Level of Tim-3Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- PCSK9 immunization using nanoliposomes: preventive efficacy against hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2021Article
- Immunogenetics of Atherosclerosis-Link between Lipids, Immunity, and Genes.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2020Review
- Regulation of pro- and anti-atherogenic cytokines.Cytokine · 2019Review
- Immune and Smooth Muscle Cells Interactions in Atherosclerosis: How to Target a Breaking Bad Dialogue?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- Regulatory CD4Circulation · 2018Article
- ApoE facilitates the microglial response to amyloid plaque pathology.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2018Article
- Characteristics of peripheral immune cell subsets in patients with carotid atherosclerosis undergoing carotid endarterectomy.Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases · 2018Article
- Ex vivo culture of human atherosclerotic plaques: A model to study immune cells in atherogenesis.Atherosclerosis · 2017Article
- Readapting the adaptive immune response - therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.British journal of pharmacology · 2017Review
- Cytokine-induced autophagy promotes long-term VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 expression by degrading late-phase IκBα.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The immunology of atherosclerosis.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2017Review
- Quantification of Various Inflammatory Cells in Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaques.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2016Article
- Article
- Ablation of CD8α(+) dendritic cell mediated cross-presentation does not impact atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets (CD4+, CD8+ T Cells, NK Cells) in Patients with Cardiovascular and Neurological Complications after Carotid Endarterectomy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been suggested that immune responses are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. We have evaluated this possibility by analyzing immunocompetent cells in a murine model of the disease. Apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE -/-) mice are genetically hypercholesterolemic due to targeted disruption of the apolipoprotein E gene and develop severe atherosclerosis. Such mice were fed either standard pellets or a diet containing 1.25% cholesterol. Lesions were analyzed from mice at 9 and 16 weeks of age. Immunohistochemical staining of fatty streaks showed that CD4+ T cells were frequent, both in clusters and as single cells. In advanced atherosclerotic plaques, CD4+ T cells were prominent in the fibrous cap and subendotbelially, whereas CD8+ T cells were sparse. The CD25 subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor, which is a marker for activated T cells, was expressed in CD4-rich areas and the major histocompatibility complex class II antigen, I-A(b), which is induced by cytokines released from activated T cells, was also found in the lesions. These data indicate that CD4+ T cells participate in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in genetically hypercholesterolemic apoE -/- mice. They suggest that immune activation is part of the disease process, and we speculate that a direct link may exist between cholesterol accumulation and T cell activation, possibly by autoimmune responses to modified lipoproteins.
Indexed as
Identifiers
8701976PMC1865326W55686694What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.