ArticleThe Journal of cell biology1996
Growth cone collapse and inhibition of neurite growth by Botulinum neurotoxin C1: a t-SNARE is involved in axonal growth.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- The clues offered by SNAREs on the vacuoles of plants and animals.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Syntaxin-1 is necessary for UNC5A-C/Netrin-1-dependent macropinocytosis and chemorepulsion.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- SNARE-Mediated Exocytosis in Neuronal Development.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2020Review
- Neuronal Signaling Involved in Neuronal Polarization and Growth: Lipid Rafts and Phosphorylation.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2020Article
- STX1A gene variations contribute to the susceptibility of children attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case-control association study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2019Article
- Molecular basis of the functions of the mammalian neuronal growth cone revealed using new methods.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2019Review
- SNARE complex in axonal guidance and neuroregeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2018Review
- SNARE complex in developmental psychiatry: neurotransmitter exocytosis and beyond.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2016Review
- Membrane Trafficking in Neuronal Development: Ins and Outs of Neural Connectivity.International review of cell and molecular biology · 2016Article
- Regulation of dendrite growth and maintenance by exocytosis.Journal of cell science · 2015Article
- Regulation of patterned dynamics of local exocytosis in growth cones by netrin-1.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2015Article
- MARCKS regulates membrane targeting of Rab10 vesicles to promote axon development.Cell research · 2014Article
- Article
- Article
- Cytotoxicity of botulinum neurotoxins reveals a direct role of syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 in neuron survival.Nature communications · 2013Article
- Rab33a mediates anterograde vesicular transport for membrane exocytosis and axon outgrowth.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2012Article
- Syntaxin 1B suppresses macropinocytosis and semaphorin 3A-induced growth cone collapse.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2011Article
- Munc18 and Munc13 regulate early neurite outgrowth.Biology of the cell · 2010Article
- Identification of functional marker proteins in the mammalian growth cone.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2009Article
- Neuritogenic actions of botulinum neurotoxin A on cultured motor neurons.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The growth cone is responsible for axonal growth, where membrane expansion is most likely to occur. Several recent reports have suggested that presynaptic proteins are involved in this process; however, the molecular mechanism details are unclear. We suggest that by cleaving a presynaptic protein syntaxin, which is essential in targeting synaptic vesicles as a target SNAP receptor (t-SNARE), neurotoxin C1 of Clostridium botulinum causes growth cone collapse and inhibits axonal growth. Video-enhanced microscopic studies showed (a) that neurotoxin C1 selectively blocked the activity of the central domain (the vesicle-rich region) at the initial stage, but not the lamellipodia in the growth cone; and (b) that large vacuole formation occurred probably through the fusion of smaller vesicles from the central domain to the most distal segments of the neurite. The total surface area of the accumulated vacuoles could explain the membrane expansion of normal neurite growth. The gradual disappearance of the surface labeling by FITC-WGA on the normal growth cone, suggesting membrane addition, was inhibited by neurotoxin C1. The experiments using the peptides derived from syntaxin, essential for interaction with VAMP or alpha-SNAP, supported the results using neurotoxin C1. Our results demonstrate that syntaxin is involved in axonal growth and indicate that syntaxin may participate directly in the membrane expansion that occurs in the central domain of the growth cone, probably through association with VAMP and SNAPs, in a SNARE-like way.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.