ArticleInfection and immunity1996
Influence of smoking and race on immunoglobulin G subclass concentrations in early-onset periodontitis patients.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Treatment on Host Responses in Young Individuals with Periodontitis.Journal of dental research · 2023Review
- Immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin G subclass concentrations differ according to sex and race.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2020Article
- Ageing effects on humoral immune responses in chronic periodontitis.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2018Article
- Altered antigenic profiling and infectivity of Porphyromonas gingivalis in smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis.Journal of periodontology · 2014Article
- Smokeless tobacco use as a risk factor for periodontal disease.Frontiers in public health · 2014Article
- Lifestyle, dietary factors, and antibody levels to oral bacteria in cancer-free participants of a European cohort study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2013Article
- Smoking as a risk factor for oral candidiasis in HIV-infected adults.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2013Article
- Impact of smoking on inflammation: overview of molecular mechanisms.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2011Review
- Nicotine and periodontal tissues.Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology · 2010Article
- Tobacco use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection.Tobacco induced diseases · 2008Article
- Molecular analysis of the subgingival microbiota in health and disease.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2007Article
- The influence of tobacco smoking on the onset of periodontitis in young persons.Tobacco induced diseases · 2004Article
- Impact of genetic polymorphisms on the smoking-related risk of periodontal disease: the population-based study SHIP.Tobacco induced diseases · 2003Article
- Article
- Antiphosphorylcholine antibody levels are elevated in humans with periodontal diseases.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
- Reference distributions for immunoglobulins A, G, and M: a comparison of a large cohort to the world's literature.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 1998Article
- Influence of anti-Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (serotype b) lipopolysaccharide on severity of generalized early-onset periodontitis.Infection and immunity · 1996Article
- Nonsyndromic localized aggressive periodontitis of primary dentition: A rare case report.Contemporary clinical dentistryArticle
- Hidden truth of circulating neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophil) function in periodontally healthy smoker subjects.Journal of Indian Society of PeriodontologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent data indicate that smoking is an important risk factor for the development of periodontitis. Smoking is also known to reduce serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Interestingly, patients with the localized form of early-onset periodontitis (LJP) have elevated levels of serum IgG2, and those who smoke are not clinically different from nonsmoking LJ subjects. In contrast, patients with the generalized form of early-onset periodontitis (G-EOP) who smoke have more extensive destruction than their nonsmoking counterparts. Given the effects of smoking on EOP and the association of IgG2 with less severe disease, we hypothesized that smoking might reduce serum IgG2 and that this might be most apparent in G-EOP. We therefore examined the effects of smoking on serum IgG subclass concentrations in race-matched groups: LJP, G-EOP, and age-matched periodontally healthy controls (NPs). Smoking status was established from serum cotinine levels, and serum IgG subclass concentrations were determined by using radial immunodiffusion. The data indicated that the effects of smoking were remarkably selective with respect to both IgG subclass and race. Smoking did not appear to have any effect on the concentration of IgG1 or IgG3 in either black or white subjects. In contrast, smoking was associated with depressed serum IgG2 concentrations in both white NP and G-EOP subgroups. Serum IgG2 levels in black subjects did not appear to be depressed by smoking, with the single striking exception of the black G-EOP subgroup which also had depressed serum IgG4 levels. The results here confirm that smoking has effects on serum immunoglobulin levels, but the effects were both race and serum IgG subclass specific. Furthermore, the periodontal diagnosis of EOP subjects appeared to be important, as indicated by the fact that IgG2 and IgG4 levels were reduced in smoking black G-EOP subjects whereas the IgG2 and IgG4 levels in black LJP and NP subjects were not reduced by smoking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.