ArticleAnatomy and embryology1996
Characterization of Meibomian gland innervation in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
Article in Anatomy and embryology, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Restoring neuropetide Y levels in the hypothalamus ameliorates premature aging phenotype in mice.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Dry eye syndrome: comprehensive etiologies and recent clinical trials.International ophthalmology · 2022Review
- The Dopaminergic Neuronal System Regulates the Inflammatory Status of Mouse Lacrimal Glands in Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Chronic Electrical Stimulation for Tear Secretion: Lacrimal vs. anterior ethmoid nerve.The ocular surface · 2019Article
- Meibocyte differentiation and renewal: Insights into novel mechanisms of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).Experimental eye research · 2017Review
- TFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report.The ocular surface · 2017Review
- Enhanced Tearing by Electrical Stimulation of the Anterior Ethmoid Nerve.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Article
- In vivo detection of clinically non-apparent ocular surface inflammation in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction-associated refractory dry eye symptoms: a pilot study.Eye (London, England) · 2015Observational
- The TFOS International Workshop on Contact Lens Discomfort: report of the subcommittee on neurobiology.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2013Article
- Activities of autonomic neurotransmitters in Meibomian gland tissues are associated with menopausal dry eye.Neural regeneration research · 2012Article
- Neurotransmitter influence on human meibomian gland epithelial cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2011Article
- The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2011Review
- NADPH-diaphorase expression in the meibomian glands of rat palpebra in postnatal development.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2010Article
- [Meibomian glands. Part I: anatomy, embryology and histology of the Meibomian glands].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2009Review
- [Dry eye disease as a complex dysregulation of the functional anatomy of the ocular surface. New concepts for understanding dry eye disease].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2003Review
- Article
- The tear film and ocular mucins.Veterinary ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To characterize the innervation of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) Meibomian (tarsal) glands, upper lids of six cynomolgus monkeys were investigated with electronmicroscopical and double-labeling immunocytochemical methods. Antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), substance P (SP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were used. In addition, sections were processed for NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. Staining for PGP 9.5 and electron microscopy showed that Meibomian gland acini were surrounded by a network of unmyelinated nerves and terminal varicose axons. The terminals contained small agranular (30-60 nm) and large granular vesicles (65-110 nm), and were observed in close contact with the basal lamina of the acini, but never internally to the basal lamina. Meibomian axons showed like-immunoreactivity (LI) for the neuropeptides SP, CGRP, NPY, and VIP. In addition, the axons stained for TH, DBH, NOS, and NADPH-d. VIP-LI, NOS- and NADPH-d-positive axons appeared to be more numerous, TH- and DBH-positive axons more rare than others. Most SP-LI axons were double-labelled for CGRP-LI, some for VIP-LI or NPY-LI. In addition, some VIP-LI axons were double-labeled for NPY-LI. NPY/VIP-LI and NPY/SP-LI axons were only observed close to the Meibomian acini. Conversely, NPY-LI colocalized with TH-IR or DBH-IR predominated in perivascular nerves of Meibomian gland vasculature. The close association of varicose axons with the acini of Meibomian glands indicates that nervous signals modulate meibomian secretion. Meibomian gland nerve fibers in the cynomolgus monkey appear to utilize various neuropeptides, catecholamines and nitric oxide as transmitter substances, and seem to derive from the pterygopalatine, superior cervical and trigeminal ganglion respectively.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.