ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1996
Expression of galectin-3 modulates T-cell growth and apoptosis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 271 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
271 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 782 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooling analysis reveals that galectin-1 is a reliable prognostic biomarker in various cancers.Journal of cellular physiology · 2019Pooled it
- Advances in pharmacological interventions for hepatic fibrosis: from pathogenic mechanisms to novel therapeutic targets.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Serum Galectin-3 in Diabetic Foot Infections: A Case-Control Evaluation of Its Diagnostic and Severity-Grading Utility.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- The Galectin Family in Colorectal Cancer: Integrating Molecular Mechanisms with Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Glycobiology-driven therapeutic targeting of glycan-binding proteins: mechanisms, diseases, and clinical translation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Generation of CCR4/CD7 Bispecific CAR-T Cells Resistant to Fratricide and Exhaustion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Role of Galectin-3 in Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Glycoengineering CAR-T cells to overcome galectin-3-mediated immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mapping organ-associated autoantigenic landscapes in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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- Galectin-3 induces neurodevelopmental apical-basal polarity and regulates gyrification.Science advances · 2025Article
- Glycome-Proteome Interactome Cartography via Proximity Tagging.Accounts of chemical research · 2025Article
- Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review Based on Life's Essential 8 and Life's Simple 7 Frameworks.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The Predictive Significance of Galectin 3 Expression in Patients with Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer without EGFR or ALK Mutations Treated Platinum-Based Doublet Chemotherapy.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Multifaceted roles of Galectins: from carbohydrate binding to targeted cancer therapy.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Modified citrus pectin ameliorates methotrexate-induced hepatic and pulmonary toxicity: role of Nrf2, galectin-3/TLR-4/NF-κB/TNF-α and TGF-β signaling pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Distinct RORγt-dependent Th17 immune responses are required for autoimmune pathogenesis and protection against bacterial infection.Cell reports · 2024Article
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- Intracellular galectin interactions in health and disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
211 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member (if a large family of beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins. It has been shown that the expression of galectin-3 is upregulated in proliferating cells, suggesting a possible role for this lectin in regulation of cell growth. Previously, we have shown that T cells infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type I express high levels of galectin-3, in contrast to uninfected cells, which do not express detectable amounts of this protein. In this study, we examined growth properties of human leukemia T cells transfected with galectin-3 cDNA, and thus constitutively overexpressing this lectin. Transfectants expressing galectin-3 displayed higher growth rates than control transfectants, which do not express this lectin. Furthermore, galectin-3 expression in these cells confers resistance to apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody and staurosporine. Galectin-3 was found to have significant sequence similarity with Bcl-2, a well-characterized suppressor of apoptosis. In particular, the lectin contains the NWGR motif that is highly conserved among members of the Bcl-2 family and shown to be critical for the apoptosis-suppressing activity. We further demonstrated that galectin-3 interacts with Bc1-2 in a lactose-inhibitable manner. We conclude that galectin-3 is a regulator of cell growth and apoptosis and it may function through a cell death inhibition pathway that involves Bcl-2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.