Inflation in epidemiology: "the proof and measurement of association between two things" revisited.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

1. Association of sugar sweetened beverages consumption with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2019
   Pooled it
2. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction.British journal of sports medicine · 2016
   Pooled it
3. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015
   Pooled it
4. Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins in adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.Public health · 2007
   Pooled it
5. Systematic assessment of obesity-related risk factors in renal cancer etiology: A longitudinal risk and Mendelian randomization analysis.PLoS medicine · 2026
   Article
6. A requirement for the use of supplementary oxygen to guide medical treatment decisions may introduce bias against non-white individuals.The European respiratory journal · 2024
   Article
7. Exploring regression dilution bias using repeat measurements of 2858 variables in ≤49 000 UK Biobank participants.International journal of epidemiology · 2023
   Article
8. Age modifies both the maximal temperature and inflammatory response in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2022
   Article
9. Seventeen-Year Associations between Diet Quality Defined by the Health Star Rating and Mortality in Australians: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab).Current developments in nutrition · 2020
   Article
10. Derivation and validation of diagnostic thresholds for central blood pressure measurements based on long-term cardiovascular risks.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2013
    Article
11. Risk factors for wheezing in infants born in Cuba.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2013
    Article
12. Within-person variability in calculated risk factors: comparing the aetiological association of adiposity ratios with risk of coronary heart disease.International journal of epidemiology · 2013
    Article
13. Regression dilution bias: tools for correction methods and sample size calculation.Upsala journal of medical sciences · 2012
    Article
14. Association of plasma phospholipid long-chain ω-3 fatty acids with incident atrial fibrillation in older adults: the cardiovascular health study.Circulation · 2012
    Article
15. Prevalence and progression of visual impairment in patients newly diagnosed with clinical type 2 diabetes: a 6-year follow up study.BMC public health · 2011
    Article
16. Use of genetic markers and gene-diet interactions for interrogating population-level causal influences of diet on health.Genes & nutrition · 2011
    Article
17. Predictors of mortality of patients newly diagnosed with clinical type 2 diabetes: a 5-year follow up study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2010
    Article
18. Salt, arterial pressure, and cardiovascular and renal damage.Ochsner journal · 2009
    Article
19. Mendelian randomization: can genetic epidemiology help redress the failures of observational epidemiology?Human genetics · 2008
    Review
20. Drug-induced torsades de pointes and implications for drug development.Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology · 2004
    Review

Corrections and comments

• Commented on by
  Commentary: strength and importance of the relation of dietary salt to blood pressure. Intersalt Steering and Editorial Committee.1996
• Commented on by
  Intersalt data. Epidemiological studies should be designed to reduce correction needed for measurement error to a minimum.1997
• Commented on by
  Intersalt data. Correction for regression dilution bias in Intersalt study was misleading.1997
• Comment on
  Intersalt revisited: further analyses of 24 hour sodium excretion and blood pressure within and across populations. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group.1996
• Comment on
  Intersalt: hypertension rise with age revisited.1996

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as