Evidence map›Paper›PMID 8649401›Full record

ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1996

Analysis of mice containing a targeted deletion of beta-globin locus control region 5' hypersensitive site 3.

B A Hug, R L Wesselschmidt, S Fiering, M A Bender, E Epner, M Groudine, T J Ley

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 175 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Evolution of hemoglobin loci and their regulatory elements.Blood cells, molecules & diseases · 2018
    Review
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  9. Transcriptional mechanisms underlying hemoglobin synthesis.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2013
    Review
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  11. Article
  12. Article
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  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

B A HugDepartment of Internal Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
R L Wesselschmidt
S Fiering
M A Bender
E Epner
M Groudine
T J Ley
Washington University in St. Louis · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

FUNCTION OF HUMAN &MOUSE B GLOBIN LOCUS CONTROL REGIONSR37DK044746 · NIDDK · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI GROUDINE, MARK T · 1997 to 2016
$12.3M
REGULATION OF HEMOGLOBINR37DK038682 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI LEY, TIMOTHY J. · 1996 to 2008
$2.4M
REGULATION OF FETAL AND ADULT HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTIONR56DK038682 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI LEY, TIMOTHY J. · 2010 to 2010
$100k
REGULATION OF HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTIONR01DK038682 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI LEY, TIMOTHY J · 1987 to 1998
–
FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN B-GLOBIN LOCUS CONTROL REGION-LCRR01DK044746 · NIDDK · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI GROUDINE, MARK T · 1992 to 1996
–
CORRECTION OF BETA-THALASSEMIA HOMOLOGUOUS RECOMBINATIONR01HL048356 · NHLBI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI GROUDINE, MARK T · 1992 to 1996
–
NHLBI NIH HHS HL48356NIDDK NIH HHS DK 38682NIDDK NIH HHS DK44746
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To examine the function of murine beta-globin locus region (LCR) 5' hypersensitive site 3 (HS3) in its native chromosomal context, we deleted this site from the mouse germ line by using homologous recombination techniques. Previous experiments with human 5' HS3 in transgenic models suggested that this site independently contains at least 50% of total LCR activity and that it interacts preferentially with the human gamma-globin genes in embryonic erythroid cells. However, in this study, we demonstrate that deletion of murine 5' HS3 reduces expression of the linked embryonic epsilon y- and beta H 1-globin genes only minimally in yolk sac-derived erythroid cells and reduces output of the linked adult beta (beta major plus beta minor) globin genes by approximately 30% in adult erythrocytes. When the selectable marker PGK-neo cassette was left within the HS3 region of the LCR, a much more severe phenotype was observed at all developmental stages, suggesting that PGK-neo interferes with LCR activity when it is retained within the LCR. Collectively, these results suggest that murine 5' HS3 is not required for globin gene switching; importantly, however, it is required for approximately 30% of the total LCR activity associated with adult beta-globin gene expression in adult erythrocytes.

Indexed as

Genes, RegulatorAnimalsCell LineErythrocytesFetal DeathGene DeletionGene ExpressionGenes, SwitchGene TargetingGlobinsHomozygoteHumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMice, Mutant StrainsGlobins

Identifiers

PMID8649401
PMCPMC231284
OpenAlexW2125064460

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.