ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics1996
Gender difference in apolipoprotein E-associated risk for familial Alzheimer disease: a possible clue to the higher incidence of Alzheimer disease in women.
Article in American journal of human genetics, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Sex Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease: A Meta-analysis.JAMA neurology · 2017Pooled it
- Early Postmenopausal Transdermal 17β-Estradiol Therapy and Amyloid-β Deposition.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2016Trial
- Pharmacogenomics of estrogens on changes in carotid artery intima-medial thickness and coronary arterial calcification: Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study.Physiological genomics · 2016Trial
- Accelerated cell aging in female APOE-ε4 carriers: implications for hormone therapy use.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Sex differences in brain gray and white matter in healthy young adults: correlations with cognitive performance.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 1999Trial
- APOE4 Accelerates Menopause-Associated Brain Metabolic Shift and Disrupts Bioenergetic Adaptation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Uncovering pathology, subjective cognitive complaints, and sex in early Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- APOE4 accelerates menopause-associated brain metabolic shift and disrupts bioenergetic adaptation.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sex differences on tau, astrocytic, and neurodegenerative plasma biomarkers.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Clinical and Behavioral Characteristics of Mild Cognitive Impairment According to Amyloid Positivity: A Large Multi-Center Korean Cohort.Dementia and neurocognitive disorders · 2025Article
- Accelerated midlife endocrine and bioenergetic brain aging in APOE4 females.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- Low testosterone levels relate to poorer cognitive function in women in an APOE-ε4-dependant manner.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Maximizing utility of neuropsychological measures in sex-specific predictive models of incident Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Heart Study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Article
- Identifying underlying patterns in Alzheimer's disease trajectory: a deep learning approach and Mendelian randomization analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Sex differences in default mode network connectivity in healthy aging adults.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Reproductive Markers in Alzheimer's Disease Progression: The Framingham Heart Study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2023Article
- Sex-Specific Heterogeneity of Mild Cognitive Impairment Identified Based on Multi-Modal Data Analysis.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Serotonin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid, Genetic, and Neuropsychological Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2022Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with the apolipoprotein E (APOE)-epsilon4 allele. In late-onset familial AD, women have a significantly higher risk of developing the disease than do men. The aim of this study was to determine whether the gender difference in familial AD is a function of APOE genotype. We studied 58 late-onset familial AD kindreds. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess genotype-specific distributions of age at onset. Odds ratios were estimated by logistic regression with adjustment for age and by conditional logistic regression with stratification on families. All methods detected a significant gender difference for the epsilon4 heterozygous genotype. In women, epsilon4 heterozygotes had higher risk than those without epsilon4; there was no significant difference between epsilon4 heterozygotes and epsilon4 homozygotes. In men, epsilon4 heterozygotes had lower risk than epsilon4 homozygotes; there was not significant difference between epsilon4 heterozygotes and those without epsilon4. A direct comparison of epsilon4 heterozygous men and women revealed a significant twofold increased risk in women. We confirmed these results in 15 autopsy-confirmed AD kindreds from the National Cell Repository at Indiana University Alzheimer Disease Center. These observations are consistent with the increased incidence of familial AD in women and may be a critical clue to the role of gender in the pathogenesis of AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
8644745PMC1914663W2144924184What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.