ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics1996
Orofacial clefts, parental cigarette smoking, and transforming growth factor-alpha gene variants.
Article in American journal of human genetics, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 308 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2022Pooled it
- Tooth agenesis and orofacial clefting: genetic brothers in arms?Human genetics · 2016Pooled it
- Passive smoking in the etiology of non-syndromic orofacial clefts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Association between polymorphism of TGFA Taq I and cleft lip and/or palate: a meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2014Pooled it
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects: a systematic review based on 173 687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls.Human reproduction updatePooled it
- Oral cleft prevention program (OCPP).BMC pediatrics · 2012Trial
- A Comprehensive Review of the Genetic Etiology and Management of Orofacial Clefts.Pediatric discovery · 2026Review
- Updates in Cleft Care.Seminars in plastic surgery · 2023Review
- The effect of maternal smoking and alcohol consumption on lip morphology.Journal of orthodontics · 2022Article
- Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- E-liquids and vanillin flavoring disrupts retinoic acid signaling and causes craniofacial defects in Xenopus embryos.Developmental biology · 2022Article
- Environmental mechanisms of orofacial clefts.Birth defects research · 2020Review
- Chemical-induced craniofacial anomalies caused by disruption of neural crest cell development in a zebrafish model.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2020Article
- Chemical-Induced Cleft Palate Is Caused and Rescued by Pharmacological Modulation of the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway in a Zebrafish Model.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Review
- Association between Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Missing Teeth in Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Enamel defects in permanent teeth of patients with cleft lip and palate: a cross-sectional study.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Article
- Genome-Wide Screening of Aberrant Methylation Loci for Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip.Chinese medical journal · 2018Article
- Association between maternal exposure to tobacco, presence of TGFA gene, and the occurrence of oral clefts. A case control study.Clinical oral investigations · 2018Article
- Paternal Risk Factors for Oral Clefts in Northern Africans, Southeast Asians, and Central Americans.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Results of studies to determine whether women who smoke during early pregnancy are at increased risk of delivering infants with orofacial clefts have been mixed, and recently a gene-environment interaction between maternal smoking, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFa), and clefting has been reported. Using a large population-based case-control study, we investigated whether parental periconceptional cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk for having offspring with orofacial clefts. We also investigated the influence of genetic variation of the TGFa locus on the relation between smoking and clefting. Parental smoking information was obtained from telephone interviews with mothers of 731 (84.7% of eligible) orofacial cleft case infants and with mothers of 734 (78.2%) nonmalformed control infants. DNA was obtained from newborn screening blood spots and genotyped for the allelic variants of TGFa. We found that risks associated with maternal smoking were most elevated for isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate, (odds ratio 2.1 [95% confidence interval 1.3-3.6]) and for isolated cleft palate (odds ratio 2.2 [1.1-4.5]) when mothers smoked > or =20 cigarettes/d. Analyses controlling for the potential influence of other variables did not reveal substantially different results. Clefting risks were even greater for infants with the TGFa allele previously associated with clefting whose mothers smoked > or =20 cigarettes/d. These risks for white infants ranged from 3-fold to 11-fold across phenotypic groups. Paternal smoking was not associated with clefting among the offspring of nonsmoking mothers, and passive smoke exposures were associated with at most slightly increased risks. This study offers evidence that the risk for orofacial clefting in infants may be influenced by maternal smoke exposures alone as well as in combination (gene-environment interaction) with the presence of the uncommon TGFa allele.
Indexed as
Identifiers
8644715PMC1914570W1519298654What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.