ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1996
Targeted disruption of the mZP3 gene results in production of eggs lacking a zona pellucida and infertility in female mice.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revisiting embryo assisted hatching approaches: a systematic review of the current protocols.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2018Pooled it
- Spontaneous natural conception and live birth in three patients with likely pathogenic variants in TUBB8, ZP2, and ZP3 associated with female subfertility.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Article
- Molecular interplay between sperm and oocyte: a narrative review.Human reproduction update · 2026Review
- Polycomb shapes active chromatin and promoter bivalency during ovarian reserve formation and activation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- An Epigenomic Roadmap Primes Non-Growing Oocytes for Maturation and Early Embryogenesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A novel mutation in ZP3 causes human ovulatory dysfunction and oocyte maturation arrest.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- Protein-targeting reverse genetic approaches: the future of oocyte and preimplantation embryo research.Molecular human reproduction · 2025Review
- Acrosomal Matrix Proteins sp56 and AM67 and Gamete Adhesion in Mammals.Academia biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Novel Loss-of-function Variants of ZP3 Associated with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Female fertility and the mammalian egg'sHistology and histopathology · 2024Review
- Single-cell RNA sequencing of human oocytes reveals a differential transcriptomic profile associated with agar-like zona pellucida.Journal of ovarian research · 2024Article
- TENT5-mediated polyadenylation of mRNAs encoding secreted proteins is essential for gametogenesis in mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Gene-knockout by iSTOP enables rapid reproductive disease modeling and phenotyping in germ cells of the founder generation.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Intracellular fraction of zona pellucida protein 3 is required for the oocyte-to-embryo transition in mice.Molecular human reproduction · 2023Article
- A heterozygousiScience · 2023Article
- Case report: A novel homozygous variant in ZP3 is associated with human empty follicle syndrome.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mammalian eggs are surrounded by a thick extracellular coat, the zona pellucida, that plays important roles during early development. The mouse egg zona pellucida is constructed of three glycoproteins, called mZP1, mZP2, and mZP3. The gene encoding mZP3 is expressed only by growing oocytes during a 2- to 3-week period of oogenesis. Here, the mZP3 gene was disrupted by targeted mutagenesis using homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells. Viable female mice homozygous for the mutated mZP3 allele (mZP3-/-) were obtained. These mice are indistinguishable in appearance from wild-type (mZP3+/+) and heterozygous (mZP3+/-) littermates. However, although ovaries of juvenile and adult mZP3-/- females possess growing and fully grown oocytes, the oocytes completely lack a zona pellucida. Consistent with this observation, eggs recovered from oviducts of superovulated, adult mZP3-/- females also lack a zona pellucida. Thus far, mZP3-/- females mated with wild-type males have failed to become pregnant.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.