ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1996
Crystal structure at 2.6-A resolution of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 330 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated circulating levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in polycystic ovary syndrome.Cytokine · 2010Trial
- Identification of a key water molecule involved in the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-catalyzed tautomerization of para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate using neutron crystallography.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Crystal structure of Plasmodium vivax macrophage migration inhibitory factor.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2026Article
- Oxidized MIF is an Alzheimer's disease drug target relaying external risk factors to tau pathology.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Structural Determination and Ligand Interaction of Macrophage Inhibitory Factor: A Standardized X-Ray Crystallography Approach.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: Exploring physiological roles and comparing health benefits against oncogenic and autoimmune risks (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Inhibition of MIF with an Allosteric Inhibitor Triggers Cell Cycle Arrest in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.ACS omega · 2025Article
- The distinct functions of MIF in inflammatory cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Structures of Trichomonas vaginalis macrophage migratory inhibitory factor.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2024Article
- Crystal structure of N-terminally hexahistidine-tagged Onchocerca volvulus macrophage migration inhibitory factor-1.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2024Article
- Conformational Flexibility of the C-Terminal Region Influences Distal Active Site Residues Across the Tautomerase Superfamily.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Redox-dependent plasticity of oxMIF facilitates its interaction with CD74 and therapeutic antibodies.Redox biology · 2024Article
- Q586B2 is a crucial virulence factor during the early stages of Trypanosoma brucei infection that is conserved amongst trypanosomatids.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The roles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in retinal diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Opportunities in Breast Cancer by Targeting Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as a Pleiotropic Cytokine.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2024Review
- 5-HMF attenuates inflammation and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice by inhibiting the MIF-CD74 interaction.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2023Article
- The relevance of serum macrophage migratory inhibitory factor and cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral small vascular disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Major Depressive Disorder: A Multilevel Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Heterocomplexes between the atypical chemokine MIF and the CXC-motif chemokine CXCL4L1 regulate inflammation and thrombus formation.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was the first cytokine to be described, but for 30 years its role in the immune response remained enigmatic. In recent studies, MIF has been found to be a novel pituitary hormone and the first protein identified to be released from immune cells on glucocorticoid stimulation. Once secreted, MIF counterregulates the immunosuppressive effects of steroids and thus acts as a critical component of the immune system to control both local and systemic immune responses. We report herein the x-ray crystal structure of human MIF to 2.6 angstrom resolution. The protein is a trimer of identical subunits. Each monomer contains two antiparallel alpha-helices that pack against a four-stranded beta-sheet. The monomer has an additional two beta-strands that interact with the beta-sheets of adjacent subunits to form the interface between monomers. The three beta-sheets are arranged to form a barrel containing a solvent-accessible channel that runs through the center of the protein along a molecular 3-fold axis. Electrostatic potential maps reveal that the channel has a positive potential, suggesting that it binds negatively charged molecules. The elucidated structure for MIF is unique among cytokines or hormonal mediators, and suggests that this counterregulator of glucocorticoid action participates in novel ligand-receptor interactions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.