ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1996
Elevated interleukin 6 is induced by prostaglandin E2 in a murine model of inflammation: possible role of cyclooxygenase-2.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 306 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of parecoxib on systemic inflammatory response associated with cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2013Trial
- Potential Roles of Prostaglandins PGD2, PGJ2, and PGE2 in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Enhanced Efficiency of the Microsomal Prostaglandin EMolecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Exploring the potential link between human papillomavirus infection and coronary artery disease: a review of shared pathways and mechanisms.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Astrocyte-mediated inflammatory responses in traumatic brain injury: mechanisms and potential interventions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Repurposing piroxicam enhances the antineoplastic effects of docetaxel and enzalutamide in prostate cancer cells using 2D and 3DFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Tryptophan As a New Member of RNA-Induced Silencing Complexes Prevents Colon Cancer Liver Metastasis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Pro-Atherogenic and Pro-Oxidant Diets Influence Semen and Blood Traits of Rabbit Bucks.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- How does IL-6 change after combined treatment in MDD patients? A systematic review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Review
- Cyclooxygenase-2 activates EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway via PGE2-mediated ADAM-17 signaling in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Phenolic Metabolites from a Deep-Sea-Derived FungusMarine drugs · 2022Article
- Inhibition of the RNA Regulator HuR by SRI-42127 Attenuates Neuropathic Pain After Nerve Injury Through Suppression of Neuroinflammatory Responses.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Article
- Changes in plasma-concentration ratios of branched-chain amino acids in acute and convalescent phases of bacterial pneumonia.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2022Article
- Triglyceride breakdown from lipid droplets regulates the inflammatory response in macrophages.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Weight loss and high-protein, high-fiber diet consumption impact blood metabolite profiles, body composition, voluntary physical activity, fecal microbiota, and fecal metabolites of adult dogs.Journal of animal science · 2022Article
- Lycium barbarum polysaccharides alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory responses through PPARγ/MAPK/NF-κB pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells.Journal of animal science · 2022Article
- A Dichotomous Role for FABP7 in Sleep and Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: A Hypothesis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- 4-Octyl-Itaconate and Dimethyl Fumarate Inhibit COX2 Expression and Prostaglandin Production in Macrophages.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- AClinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Injection of mineral oils such as pristane into the peritoneal cavities of BALB/c mice results in a chronic peritonitis associated with high tissue levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6). Here we show that increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis causes induction of IL-6 and that expression of an inducible cyclooxygenase, Cox-2, may mediate this process. Levels of both PGE2 and IL-6 are elevated in inflammatory exudates from pristane-treated mice compared with lavage samples from untreated mice. The Cox-2 gene is induced in the peritoneal macrophage fraction isolated from the mice. A cause and effect relationship between increased macrophage PGE2 and IL-6 production is shown in vitro. When peritoneal macrophages are activated with an inflammatory stimulus (polymerized albumin), the Cox-2 gene is induced and secretion of PGE2 and IL-6 increases, with elevated PGE2 appearing before IL-6. Cotreatment with 1 microM indomethacin inhibits PGE2 production by the cells and reduces the induction of IL-6 mRNA but has no effect on Cox-2 mRNA, consistent with the fact that the drug inhibits catalytic activity of the cyclooxygenase but does not affect expression of the gene. Addition of exogenous PGE2 to macrophages induces IL-6 protein and mRNA synthesis, indicating that the eicosanoid stimulates IL-6 production at the level of gene expression. PGE2-stimulated IL-6 production is unaffected by addition of indomethacin. Taken together with the earlier finding that indomethacin diminishes the elevation of IL-6 in pristane-treated mice, the results show that PGE2 can induce IL-6 production in vivo and implicate expression of the Cox-2 gene in the regulation of this cytokine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.