Evidence map›Paper›PMID 8622658›Full record

ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1996

Retinoic acid receptor beta mediates the growth-inhibitory effect of retinoic acid by promoting apoptosis in human breast cancer cells.

Y Liu, M O Lee, H G Wang, Y Li, Y Hashimoto, M Klaus, J C Reed, X Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
87citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. DNA Methylation inCancer management and research · 2020
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27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Y LiuLa Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, Cancer Research Center, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
M O Lee
H G Wang
Y Li
Y Hashimoto
M Klaus
J C Reed
X Zhang

Funding

RETINOIC ACID RESPONSE IN HUMAN LUNG CANCERR01CA060988 · NCI · BURNHAM INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH · PI ZHANG, XIAO-KUN · 1993 to 2002
$940k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA60988
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retinoids are known to inhibit the growth of hormone-dependent but not that of hormone-independent breast cancer cells. We investigated the involvement of retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) in the differential growth-inhibitory effects of retinoids and the underlying mechanism. Our data demonstrate that induction of RAR beta by RA correlates with the growth-inhibitory effect of retinoids. The hormone-independent cells acquired RA sensitivity when the RAR beta expression vector was introduced and expressed in the cells. In addition, RA sensitivity of hormone-dependent cells was inhibited by a RAR beta-selective antagonist and the expression of RAR beta antisense RNA. Introduction of RAR alpha also restored RA sensitivity in hormone-independent cells, but this restoration was accomplished by the induction of endogenous RAR beta expression. Furthermore, we show that induction of apoptosis contributes to the growth-inhibitory effect of RAR beta. Thus, RAR beta can mediate retinoid action in breast cancer cells by promoting apoptosis. Loss of RAR beta, therefore, may contribute to the tumorigenicity of human mammary epithelial cells.

Indexed as

ApoptosisBase SequenceBreast NeoplasmsFemaleGene Transfer TechniquesHumansMolecular Sequence DataReceptors, Retinoic AcidSignal TransductionTretinoinReceptors, Retinoic Acidretinoic acid receptor betaTretinoin

Identifiers

PMID8622658
PMCPMC231096

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.