ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1996
Hyperexpression of CD40 ligand by B and T cells in human lupus and its role in pathogenic autoantibody production.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 163 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 521 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of BI 655064 in phase 1 clinical trials in healthy Chinese and Japanese subjects.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Effects of BI 655064, an antagonistic anti-CD40 antibody, on clinical and biomarker variables in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIa study.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2019Trial
- Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Rising Doses of BI 655064, an Antagonistic Anti-CD40 Antibody, in Healthy Subjects: A Potential Novel Treatment for Autoimmune Diseases.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Trial
- Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single rising doses of BI 655064, an antagonistic anti-CD40 antibody in healthy subjects: a potential novel treatment for autoimmune diseases.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Trial
- A prospective open-label pilot study of fluvastatin on proinflammatory and prothrombotic biomarkers in antiphospholipid antibody positive patients.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2014Trial
- Abnormal high-expression of CD154 on T lymphocytes of ankylosing spondylitis patients is down-regulated by etanercept treatment.Rheumatology international · 2010Trial
- Revisiting the CD40-CD40L axis: from mechanistic insight to therapeutic renewal in autoimmune disease.Current opinion in rheumatology · 2026Review
- GLUT1-mediated glucose flux constrains autoreactive but not foreign antigen-specific B-cell responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Knowledge gaps and research priorities to understand sex differences in immunity.PLoS biology · 2026Review
- Clinical applications and challenges of CD40/CD40L signaling regulation in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Function of follicular helper 17 T cells in driving B cells for anti-DNA autoantibody production in patients with SLE.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Treat-To-Target: Emergence of Second-Generation CD40L Inhibitors for Treatment of SLE-Identifying Beneficial Patient Candidates for CD40L Inhibitors in a Cross-Sectional SLE Cohort.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Article
- The role of soluble CD40L in autoimmune diseases.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- Shared and distinct peripheral blood immune cell landscape in MCTD, SLE, and pSS.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- Female-bias in systemic lupus erythematosus: How much is the X chromosome to blame?Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
- Implications of CD154 and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Cells · 2024Review
- Mechanisms underlying sex differences in autoimmunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Activation of circulating TFH17 cells associated with activated naive and double negative 2 B cell expansion, and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Article
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We investigated the role of the costimulatory molecules, CD40 and its ligand CD40L, in the pathogenesis of human SLE. In comparison to normal subjects or patients in remission, PBMC from active lupus patients had a 21-fold increase in the frequency of CD40L-expressing, CD4+T cells. However, the expression of CD40L induced in either lupus or normal T cells by mitogenic stimulation could be down-regulated equally well by CD40 molecules on autologous B cells. Active lupus patients also had a 22-fold increase in percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing CD40L, consistent with their unusual helper activity in SLE. Surprisingly, patients with active lupus had a 20.5-fold increase in B cells that spontaneously expressed high levels of CD40L, as strongly as their T cells. Although lupus patients in remission had low levels of CD40L+ cells in the range of normal subjects, mitogen-induced upregulation of CD40L expression in the T and B cells was markedly greater than normal, suggesting an intrinsic defect. A mAb to CD40L blocked significantly the ability of lymphocytes from lupus patients with active and established disease to produce the pathogenic variety of antinuclear autoantibodies in vitro, bolstering the possibility of anti-CD40L immunotherapy for lupus. Future studies on the hyperexpression of CD40L could elucidate a regulatory defect in the pathogenic T and B cells of lupus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.