Evidence map›Paper›PMID 8618869›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1995

Contrasting histories of avian and mammalian Mhc genes revealed by class II B sequences from songbirds.

S V Edwards, E K Wakeland, W K Potts

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Article
  4. Profile of Scott Edwards.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
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  16. Pheromones in birds: myth or reality?Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2010
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

S V EdwardsCenter for Mammalian Genetics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
E K Wakeland
W K Potts

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To explore the evolutionary dynamics of genes in the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) in nonmammalian vertebrates, we have amplified complete sequences of the polymorphic second (beta1) and third (beta2) exons of class II beta chain genes of songbirds. The pattern of nucleotide substitution in the antigen-binding site of sequences cloned from three behaviorally and phylogenetically divergent songbirds [scrub jays Aphelocoma coerulescens), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), and house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) reveals that class II B genes of songbirds are subject to the same types of diversifying forces as those observed at mammalian class II loci. By contrast, the tree of avian class II B genes reveals that orthologous relationships have not been retained as in placental mammals and that, unlike class II genes in mammals, genes in songbirds and chickens have had very recent common ancestors within their respective groups. Thus, whereas the selective forces diversifying class II B genes of birds are likely similar to those in mammals, their long-term evolutionary dynamics appear to be characterized by much higher rates of concerted evolution.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionGenes, MHC Class IIMajor Histocompatibility ComplexAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBase SequenceBirdsDNA PrimersHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIMolecular Sequence DataPhylogenyPolymerase Chain ReactionProtein Sorting SignalsProtein Structure, SecondarySequence Homology, Amino AcidSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidDNA PrimersHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIProtein Sorting Signals

Identifiers

PMID8618869
PMCPMC40324

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.