Evidence map›Paper›PMID 8614620›Full record

ArticleNucleic acids research1996

The PARP promoter of Trypanosoma brucei is developmentally regulated in a chromosomal context.

S Biebinger, S Rettenmaier, J Flaspohler, C Hartmann, J Peña-Diaz, L E Wirtz, H R Hotz, J D Barry, C Clayton

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nucleic acids research, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
7.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Mapping Open Chromatin in Trypanosoma brucei Using ATAC-Seq.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

S BiebingerZentrum für Molekulare Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
S Rettenmaier
J Flaspohler
C Hartmann
J Peña-Diaz
L E Wirtz
H R Hotz
J D Barry
C Clayton
Heidelberg University · DEUniversity of Glasgow · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

African trypanosomes are extracellular protozoan parasites that are transmitted from one mammalian host to the next by tsetse flies. Bloodstream forms express variant surface glycoprotein (VSG); the tsetse fly (procyclic) forms express instead the procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP). PARP mRNA is abundant in procyclic forms and almost undetectable in blood-stream forms. Post-transcriptional mechanisms are mainly responsible for PARP mRNA regulation but results of nuclear run-on experiments suggested that transcription might also be regulated. We measured the activity of genomically-integrated PARP, VSG and rRNA promoters in permanently-transformed blood-stream and procyclic form trypanosomes, using reporter gene constructs that showed no post-transcriptional regulation. When the constructs were integrated in the rRNA non-transcribed spacer, the ribosomal RNA and VSG promoters were not developmentally regulated, but integration at the PARP locus reduced rRNA promoter activity in bloodstream forms. PARP promoter activity was 5-fold down-regulated in bloodstream forms when integrated at either site. Regulation was probably at the level of transcriptional initiation, but elongation through plasmid vector sequences was also reduced.

Indexed as

Gene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalPromoter Regions, GeneticProtozoan ProteinsAnimalsBase SequenceDNA PrimersMembrane GlycoproteinsMolecular Sequence DataRNA, RibosomalTranscription, GeneticTrypanosoma brucei bruceiTubulinDNA PrimersMembrane Glycoproteinsprocyclic acidic repetitive protein, TrypanosomaProtozoan ProteinsRNA, RibosomalTubulin

Identifiers

PMID8614620
PMCPMC145797
OpenAlexW2139115053

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.