ArticleInfection and immunity1996
gamma Interferon gene expression and release in human lymphocytes directly activated by Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Borrelia burgdorferi Is a Poor Inducer of Gamma Interferon: Amplification Induced by Interleukin-12.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Biofilm growth and IL-8 & TNF-α-inducing properties of Candida albicans in the presence of oral gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Memory CD4+ T cells are required for optimal NK cell effector functions against the opportunistic fungal pathogen Pneumocystis murina.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Human yeast-specific CD8 T lymphocytes show a nonclassical effector molecule profile.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2012Article
- Review
- Cryptococcus neoformans directly stimulates perforin production and rearms NK cells for enhanced anticryptococcal microbicidal activity.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Superantigen-like effects of a Candida albicans polypeptide.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2008Article
- Differential cytokine production and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways by Candida albicans blastoconidia and hyphae.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- The gamma interferon receptor is required for the protective pulmonary inflammatory response to Cryptococcus neoformans.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Human nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissues. Functional analysis of subepithelial and intraepithelial B and T cells from adenoids and tonsils.The American journal of pathology · 2000Article
- Alterations in frequency of interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, gamma interferon-, or IL-4-secreting splenocytes induced by Candida albicans mannan and/or monophosphoryl lipid A.Infection and immunity · 1998Article
- Direct interactions of human natural killer cells with Cryptococcus neoformans inhibit granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha production.Infection and immunity · 1997Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory and others have demonstrated that T and/or NK cells can directly bind to and inhibit the growth of the medically important fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans by apparently non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted mechanisms. Here, we examined whether this direct interaction between lymphocytes and fungi also results in cytokine gene expression and release. Nonadherent lymphocytes (NAL), isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by depletion of cells adherent to plastic and nylon wool, released gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10, following stimulation with C. neoformans yeast cells and C. albicans yeast cells, hyphae, and supernatants. The fungal stimuli also induced IFN-gamma mRNA, with peak gene expression seen at or after 18 h. IFN-gamma release was still seen even when either NK cells or T lymphocytes were depleted by negative selection, suggesting that both cell types can be stimulated by fungi to produce IFN-gamma. Release of IFN-gamma from fungus-stimulated NAL occurred in the absence of an intact complement system and was not especially enhanced by culture with IL-2 or IL-12. These data expand the mechanisms by which the direct interaction of NAL with fungal targets can lead to immune activation. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of direct stimulation of T-cell cytokine release by microbial pathogens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.