ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology1995
Fluconazole- and itraconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains from AIDS patients: multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis and antifungal susceptibilities.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Typing Power of Six Isoenzymatic Systems for Differentiation of Clinical and Standard Isolates of Candida Species.Advanced biomedical research · 2023Article
- Candida species biotypes and polyclonality of potentially virulent Candida albicans isolated from oral cavity of patients with orofacial clefts.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Article
- Multi-Locus Next-Generation Sequence Typing of DNA Extracted From Pooled Colonies Detects Multiple UnrelatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Evaluation of amphotericin B and chloramphenicol as alternative drugs for treatment of chytridiomycosis and their impacts on innate skin defenses.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- Typing Candida albicans oral isolates from healthy brazilian schoolchildren using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis reveals two highly polymorphic taxa.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2011Article
- Mixed Candida albicans strain populations in colonized and infected mucosal tissues.FEMS yeast research · 2008Article
- Candida albicans strain maintenance, replacement, and microvariation demonstrated by multilocus sequence typing.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2006Article
- The closely related species Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis can mate.Eukaryotic cell · 2004Article
- Mechanism of increased fluconazole resistance in Candida glabrata during prophylaxis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2004Article
- Genetic diversity among clinical isolates of Candida glabrata analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analyses.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2003Article
- Genetic polymorphism of Aspergillus fumigatus in clinical samples from patients with invasive aspergillosis: investigation using multiple typing methods.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2001Article
- Elevated phenotypic switching and drug resistance of Candida albicans from human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals prior to first thrush episode.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2000Article
- The ins and outs of DNA fingerprinting the infectious fungi.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2000Review
- Development and characterization of complex DNA fingerprinting probes for the infectious yeast Candida dubliniensis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 1999Article
- Stable phenotypic resistance of Candida species to amphotericin B conferred by preexposure to subinhibitory levels of azoles.Journal of clinical microbiology · 1998Article
- Candida dubliniensis: characteristics and identification.Journal of clinical microbiology · 1998Review
- Parity among the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA method, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and Southern blot hybridization with the moderately repetitive DNA probe Ca3 for fingerprinting Candida albicans.Journal of clinical microbiology · 1997Article
- Isolation of Candida species on media with and without added fluconazole reveals high variability in relative growth susceptibility phenotypes.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 1997Article
- Review article: the therapy of gastrointestinal infections associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 1997Review
- In vitro activity of fluvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering agent, and synergy with flucanazole and itraconazole against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 1997Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and in vitro susceptibility testing with a broth microdilution method were used to analyze Candida albicans strain diversity in four AIDS patients with recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis who successively developed clinical resistance to fluconazole (FCZ) and itraconazole (ITZ). One to ten colonies per sample were randomly chosen from oral washings collected before the initial FCZ treatment and just before every other antifungal treatment; a total of 98 isolates were analyzed. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis revealed 14 different electrophoretic types (ETs). Statistical analysis of genetic distances showed that C. albicans isolates clustered into five subpopulations (I to V). In each subpopulation, isolates are closely related, and genetic distances between subpopulations I to IV are short. In contrast, subpopulation V, which contained isolates typed as ET8 and ET14, is strongly divergent from the others; these isolates may represent atypical C. albicans isolates. Only one patient was infected with a single strain during the course of azole therapy; for the three remaining patients, variants of the same strain and different strains were concurrently isolated. Clinical FCZ resistance was clearly correlated with in vitro data for three patients. Moreover, MICs of ITZ increased during FCZ therapy, and MICs of ITZ which were > or = 1.56 micrograms/ml were found when clinical ITZ resistance occurred; isolates from subpopulation V showed the highest MICs of ITZ. Because of the emergence of clinical ITZ resistance after clinical FCZ resistance, the feasibility of long-term azole therapy for mucosal candidiasis in AIDS patients is questioned.
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