ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1996
Direct assessment of liver glycogen storage by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and regulation of glucose homeostasis after a mixed meal in normal subjects.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 261 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Carbohydrate Intake on Strength and Resistance Training Performance: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Carbohydrates and exercise performance in non-fasted athletes: a systematic review of studies mimicking real-life.Nutrition journal · 2013Pooled it
- Trial
- Are there interindividual differences in the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast? A replicate crossover trial.European journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- GlucoTRIG: a novel tool to determine the nutritional quality of foods and meals in general population.Lipids in health and disease · 2020Trial
- Ecologically Valid Carbohydrate Intake during Soccer-Specific Exercise Does Not Affect Running Performance in a Fed State.Nutrients · 2017Trial
- Dietary proteins contribute little to glucose production, even under optimal gluconeogenic conditions in healthy humans.Diabetes · 2013Trial
- Glucose-reducing effect of the ORMD-0801 oral insulin preparation in patients with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes: a pilot study.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Pathophysiology of postprandial hyperglycaemia in women with type 1 diabetes during pregnancy.Diabetologia · 2012Trial
- Effect of macronutrients, age, and obesity on 6- and 24-h postprandial glucose metabolism in cats.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2011Trial
- Insulin administration and rate of glucose appearance in people with type 1 diabetes.Diabetes care · 2008Trial
- Impaired Hepatic Glucose Metabolism Is Associated With Glucose Intolerance in Mice Carrying αActa physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Association of Different Patterns of Insulin Resistance With Miscarriage in Population With Miscarriage History: a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Interstitial glucose during sanctioned competition and during high-intensity training in highly trained collegiate male endurance athletes: A real-world continuous glucose monitoring study.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease Type V) from an exercise physiology and biochemistry perspective: Important considerations for exercise and physical activity testing and data interpretation.Sports medicine and health science · 2026Article
- Article
- Carbohydrate Storage and Supplementation Strategies for Peak Performance in Cross-Country Skiing.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Review
- Aberrant hepatic glycogenolysis and elevated insulin clearance can lead to major glucose irregularities in type 2 diabetes: insights from system identification.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- The mixed-meal tolerance test as an appetite assay: methodological and practical considerations.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Review
- Role of Hepatic Glycogen on Nocturnal Gluconeogenesis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite extensive recent studies, understanding of the normal postprandial processes underlying immediate storage of substrate and maintenance of glucose homeostasis in humans after a mixed meal has been incomplete. The present study applied 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure sequential changes in hepatic glycogen concentration, a novel tracer approach to measure postprandial suppression of hepatic glucose output, and acetaminophen to trace the pathways of hepatic glycogen synthesis to elucidate the homeostatic adaptation to the fed state in healthy human subjects. After the liquid mixed meal, liver glycogen concentration rose from 207 +/- 22 to 316 +/- 19 mmol/liter at an average rate of 0.34 mmol/liter per min and peaked at 318 +/- 31 min, falling rapidly thereafter (0.26 mmol/liter per min). The mean increment at peak represented net glycogen synthesis of 28.3 +/- 3.7 g (approximately 19% of meal carbohydrate content). The contribution of the direct pathway to overall glycogen synthesis was 46 +/- 5 and 68 +/- 8% between 2 and 4 and 4 and 6 h, respectively. Hepatic glucose output was completely suppressed within 30 min of the meal. It increased steadily from 60 to 255 min from 0.31 +/- 32 to 0.49 +/- 18 mg/kg per min then rapidly returned towards basal levels (1.90 +/- 0.04 mg/kg per min). This pattern of change mirrored precisely the plasma glucagon/insulin ratio. These data provide for the first time a comprehensive picture of normal carbohydrate metabolism in humans after ingestion of a mixed meal.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.