ArticleMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)1995
Similar peptides from two beta cell autoantigens, proinsulin and glutamic acid decarboxylase, stimulate T cells of individuals at risk for insulin-dependent diabetes.
Article in Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The dark side of insulin: A primary autoantigen and instrument of self-destruction in type 1 diabetes.Molecular metabolism · 2021Review
- An Insulin-Inspired Supramolecular Hydrogel for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Article
- A mutant α1antitrypsin in complex with heat shock proteins as the primary antigen in type 1 diabetes in silico investigation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Autoreactive T cells in type 1 diabetes.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2017Review
- Molecular mimicry: its evolution from concept to mechanism as a cause of autoimmune diseases.Monoclonal antibodies in immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy · 2014Article
- Antigen-specific therapeutic approaches in Type 1 diabetes.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2012Review
- From markers to molecular mechanisms: type 1 diabetes in the post-GWAS era.The review of diabetic studies : RDS · 2012Review
- T cell recognition of autoantigens in human type 1 diabetes: clinical perspectives.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2011Review
- An update on the use of NOD mice to study autoimmune (Type 1) diabetes.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2010Article
- Article
- Insulin as an autoantigen in NOD/human diabetes.Current opinion in immunology · 2008Review
- Translational mini-review series on type 1 diabetes: Systematic analysis of T cell epitopes in autoimmune diabetes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2007Review
- Proinsulin is encoded by an RNA splice variant in human blood myeloid cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2006Article
- DNA vaccination with an insulin construct and a chimeric protein binding to both CTLA4 and CD40 ameliorates type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.Gene therapy · 2005Article
- Recognition of a subregion of human proinsulin by class I-restricted T cells in type 1 diabetic patients.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2005Article
- Mature high-affinity immune responses to (pro)insulin anticipate the autoimmune cascade that leads to type 1 diabetes.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2004Article
- Dendritic cell-based assays, but not mannosylation of antigen, improves detection of T-cell responses to proinsulin in type 1 diabetes.Immunology · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInsulin (1) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) (2) are both autoantigens in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), but no molecular mechanism has been proposed for their association. We have identified a 13 amino acid peptide of proinsulin (amino acids 24-36) that bears marked similarity to a peptide of GAD65 (amino acids 506-518) (G. Rudy, unpublished). In order to test the hypothesis that this region of similarity is implicated in the pathogenesis of IDDM, we assayed T cell reactivity to these two peptides in subjects at risk for IDDM. MATERIALS AND
methodsSubjects at risk for IDDM were islet cell antibody (ICA)-positive, first degree relatives of people with insulin-dependent diabetes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 pairs of at-risk and HLA-DR matched control subjects were tested in an in vitro proliferation assay.
resultsReactivity to both proinsulin and GAD peptides was significantly greater among at-risk subjects than controls (proinsulin; p < 0.008; GAD; p < 0.018). In contrast to reactivity to the GAD peptide, reactivity to the proinsulin peptide was almost entirely confined to the at-risk subjects.
conclusionsThis is the first demonstration of T cell reactivity to a proinsulin-specific peptide. In addition, it is the first example of reactivity to a minimal peptide region shared between two human autoimmune disease-associated self antigens. Mimicry between these similar peptides may provide a molecular basis for the conjoint autoantigenicity of proinsulin and GAD in IDDM.
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Identifiers
8529129PMC2229979W83554749What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.